<h2>Editing File: /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/CPAN/Meta/YAML.pm</h2><form method='post'><textarea name='content' class='file-edit'>use 5.008001; # sane UTF-8 support
use strict;
use warnings;
package CPAN::Meta::YAML; # git description: v1.68-2-gcc5324e
# XXX-INGY is 5.8.1 too old/broken for utf8?
# XXX-XDG Lancaster consensus was that it was sufficient until
# proven otherwise
$CPAN::Meta::YAML::VERSION = '0.018';
; # original $VERSION removed by Doppelgaenger

#####################################################################
# The CPAN::Meta::YAML API.
#
# These are the currently documented API functions/methods and
# exports:

use Exporter;
our @ISA       = qw{ Exporter  };
our @EXPORT    = qw{ Load Dump };
our @EXPORT_OK = qw{ LoadFile DumpFile freeze thaw };

###
# Functional/Export API:

sub Dump {
    return CPAN::Meta::YAML-&gt;new(@_)-&gt;_dump_string;
}

# XXX-INGY Returning last document seems a bad behavior.
# XXX-XDG I think first would seem more natural, but I don't know
# that it's worth changing now
sub Load {
    my $self = CPAN::Meta::YAML-&gt;_load_string(@_);
    if ( wantarray ) {
        return @$self;
    } else {
        # To match YAML.pm, return the last document
        return $self-&gt;[-1];
    }
}

# XXX-INGY Do we really need freeze and thaw?
# XXX-XDG I don't think so.  I'd support deprecating them.
BEGIN {
    *freeze = \&amp;Dump;
    *thaw   = \&amp;Load;
}

sub DumpFile {
    my $file = shift;
    return CPAN::Meta::YAML-&gt;new(@_)-&gt;_dump_file($file);
}

sub LoadFile {
    my $file = shift;
    my $self = CPAN::Meta::YAML-&gt;_load_file($file);
    if ( wantarray ) {
        return @$self;
    } else {
        # Return only the last document to match YAML.pm,
        return $self-&gt;[-1];
    }
}


###
# Object Oriented API:

# Create an empty CPAN::Meta::YAML object
# XXX-INGY Why do we use ARRAY object?
# NOTE: I get it now, but I think it's confusing and not needed.
# Will change it on a branch later, for review.
#
# XXX-XDG I don't support changing it yet.  It's a very well-documented
# &quot;API&quot; of CPAN::Meta::YAML.  I'd support deprecating it, but Adam suggested
# we not change it until YAML.pm's own OO API is established so that
# users only have one API change to digest, not two
sub new {
    my $class = shift;
    bless [ @_ ], $class;
}

# XXX-INGY It probably doesn't matter, and it's probably too late to
# change, but 'read/write' are the wrong names. Read and Write
# are actions that take data from storage to memory
# characters/strings. These take the data to/from storage to native
# Perl objects, which the terms dump and load are meant. As long as
# this is a legacy quirk to CPAN::Meta::YAML it's ok, but I'd prefer not
# to add new {read,write}_* methods to this API.

sub read_string {
    my $self = shift;
    $self-&gt;_load_string(@_);
}

sub write_string {
    my $self = shift;
    $self-&gt;_dump_string(@_);
}

sub read {
    my $self = shift;
    $self-&gt;_load_file(@_);
}

sub write {
    my $self = shift;
    $self-&gt;_dump_file(@_);
}


#####################################################################
# Constants

# Printed form of the unprintable characters in the lowest range
# of ASCII characters, listed by ASCII ordinal position.
my @UNPRINTABLE = qw(
    0    x01  x02  x03  x04  x05  x06  a
    b    t    n    v    f    r    x0E  x0F
    x10  x11  x12  x13  x14  x15  x16  x17
    x18  x19  x1A  e    x1C  x1D  x1E  x1F
);

# Printable characters for escapes
my %UNESCAPES = (
    0 =&gt; &quot;\x00&quot;, z =&gt; &quot;\x00&quot;, N    =&gt; &quot;\x85&quot;,
    a =&gt; &quot;\x07&quot;, b =&gt; &quot;\x08&quot;, t    =&gt; &quot;\x09&quot;,
    n =&gt; &quot;\x0a&quot;, v =&gt; &quot;\x0b&quot;, f    =&gt; &quot;\x0c&quot;,
    r =&gt; &quot;\x0d&quot;, e =&gt; &quot;\x1b&quot;, '\\' =&gt; '\\',
);

# XXX-INGY
# I(ngy) need to decide if these values should be quoted in
# CPAN::Meta::YAML or not. Probably yes.

# These 3 values have special meaning when unquoted and using the
# default YAML schema. They need quotes if they are strings.
my %QUOTE = map { $_ =&gt; 1 } qw{
    null true false
};

# The commented out form is simpler, but overloaded the Perl regex
# engine due to recursion and backtracking problems on strings
# larger than 32,000ish characters. Keep it for reference purposes.
# qr/\&quot;((?:\\.|[^\&quot;])*)\&quot;/
my $re_capture_double_quoted = qr/\&quot;([^\\&quot;]*(?:\\.[^\\&quot;]*)*)\&quot;/;
my $re_capture_single_quoted = qr/\'([^\']*(?:\'\'[^\']*)*)\'/;
# unquoted re gets trailing space that needs to be stripped
my $re_capture_unquoted_key  = qr/([^:]+(?::+\S(?:[^:]*|.*?(?=:)))*)(?=\s*\:(?:\s+|$))/;
my $re_trailing_comment      = qr/(?:\s+\#.*)?/;
my $re_key_value_separator   = qr/\s*:(?:\s+(?:\#.*)?|$)/;


#####################################################################
# CPAN::Meta::YAML Implementation.
#
# These are the private methods that do all the work. They may change
# at any time.


###
# Loader functions:

# Create an object from a file
sub _load_file {
    my $class = ref $_[0] ? ref shift : shift;

    # Check the file
    my $file = shift or $class-&gt;_error( 'You did not specify a file name' );
    $class-&gt;_error( &quot;File '$file' does not exist&quot; )
        unless -e $file;
    $class-&gt;_error( &quot;'$file' is a directory, not a file&quot; )
        unless -f _;
    $class-&gt;_error( &quot;Insufficient permissions to read '$file'&quot; )
        unless -r _;

    # Open unbuffered with strict UTF-8 decoding and no translation layers
    open( my $fh, &quot;&lt;:unix:encoding(UTF-8)&quot;, $file );
    unless ( $fh ) {
        $class-&gt;_error(&quot;Failed to open file '$file': $!&quot;);
    }

    # flock if available (or warn if not possible for OS-specific reasons)
    if ( _can_flock() ) {
        flock( $fh, Fcntl::LOCK_SH() )
            or warn &quot;Couldn't lock '$file' for reading: $!&quot;;
    }

    # slurp the contents
    my $contents = eval {
        use warnings FATAL =&gt; 'utf8';
        local $/;
        &lt;$fh&gt;
    };
    if ( my $err = $@ ) {
        $class-&gt;_error(&quot;Error reading from file '$file': $err&quot;);
    }

    # close the file (release the lock)
    unless ( close $fh ) {
        $class-&gt;_error(&quot;Failed to close file '$file': $!&quot;);
    }

    $class-&gt;_load_string( $contents );
}

# Create an object from a string
sub _load_string {
    my $class  = ref $_[0] ? ref shift : shift;
    my $self   = bless [], $class;
    my $string = $_[0];
    eval {
        unless ( defined $string ) {
            die \&quot;Did not provide a string to load&quot;;
        }

        # Check if Perl has it marked as characters, but it's internally
        # inconsistent.  E.g. maybe latin1 got read on a :utf8 layer
        if ( utf8::is_utf8($string) &amp;&amp; ! utf8::valid($string) ) {
            die \&lt;&lt;'...';
Read an invalid UTF-8 string (maybe mixed UTF-8 and 8-bit character set).
Did you decode with lax &quot;:utf8&quot; instead of strict &quot;:encoding(UTF-8)&quot;?
...
        }

        # Ensure Unicode character semantics, even for 0x80-0xff
        utf8::upgrade($string);

        # Check for and strip any leading UTF-8 BOM
        $string =~ s/^\x{FEFF}//;

        # Check for some special cases
        return $self unless length $string;

        # Split the file into lines
        my @lines = grep { ! /^\s*(?:\#.*)?\z/ }
                split /(?:\015{1,2}\012|\015|\012)/, $string;

        # Strip the initial YAML header
        @lines and $lines[0] =~ /^\%YAML[: ][\d\.]+.*\z/ and shift @lines;

        # A nibbling parser
        my $in_document = 0;
        while ( @lines ) {
            # Do we have a document header?
            if ( $lines[0] =~ /^---\s*(?:(.+)\s*)?\z/ ) {
                # Handle scalar documents
                shift @lines;
                if ( defined $1 and $1 !~ /^(?:\#.+|\%YAML[: ][\d\.]+)\z/ ) {
                    push @$self,
                        $self-&gt;_load_scalar( &quot;$1&quot;, [ undef ], \@lines );
                    next;
                }
                $in_document = 1;
            }

            if ( ! @lines or $lines[0] =~ /^(?:---|\.\.\.)/ ) {
                # A naked document
                push @$self, undef;
                while ( @lines and $lines[0] !~ /^---/ ) {
                    shift @lines;
                }
                $in_document = 0;

            # XXX The final '-+$' is to look for -- which ends up being an
            # error later.
            } elsif ( ! $in_document &amp;&amp; @$self ) {
                # only the first document can be explicit
                die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify the line '$lines[0]'&quot;;
            } elsif ( $lines[0] =~ /^\s*\-(?:\s|$|-+$)/ ) {
                # An array at the root
                my $document = [ ];
                push @$self, $document;
                $self-&gt;_load_array( $document, [ 0 ], \@lines );

            } elsif ( $lines[0] =~ /^(\s*)\S/ ) {
                # A hash at the root
                my $document = { };
                push @$self, $document;
                $self-&gt;_load_hash( $document, [ length($1) ], \@lines );

            } else {
                # Shouldn't get here.  @lines have whitespace-only lines
                # stripped, and previous match is a line with any
                # non-whitespace.  So this clause should only be reachable via
                # a perlbug where \s is not symmetric with \S

                # uncoverable statement
                die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify the line '$lines[0]'&quot;;
            }
        }
    };
    my $err = $@;
    if ( ref $err eq 'SCALAR' ) {
        $self-&gt;_error(${$err});
    } elsif ( $err ) {
        $self-&gt;_error($err);
    }

    return $self;
}

sub _unquote_single {
    my ($self, $string) = @_;
    return '' unless length $string;
    $string =~ s/\'\'/\'/g;
    return $string;
}

sub _unquote_double {
    my ($self, $string) = @_;
    return '' unless length $string;
    $string =~ s/\\&quot;/&quot;/g;
    $string =~
        s{\\([Nnever\\fartz0b]|x([0-9a-fA-F]{2}))}
         {(length($1)&gt;1)?pack(&quot;H2&quot;,$2):$UNESCAPES{$1}}gex;
    return $string;
}

# Load a YAML scalar string to the actual Perl scalar
sub _load_scalar {
    my ($self, $string, $indent, $lines) = @_;

    # Trim trailing whitespace
    $string =~ s/\s*\z//;

    # Explitic null/undef
    return undef if $string eq '~';

    # Single quote
    if ( $string =~ /^$re_capture_single_quoted$re_trailing_comment\z/ ) {
        return $self-&gt;_unquote_single($1);
    }

    # Double quote.
    if ( $string =~ /^$re_capture_double_quoted$re_trailing_comment\z/ ) {
        return $self-&gt;_unquote_double($1);
    }

    # Special cases
    if ( $string =~ /^[\'\&quot;!&amp;]/ ) {
        die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support a feature in line '$string'&quot;;
    }
    return {} if $string =~ /^{}(?:\s+\#.*)?\z/;
    return [] if $string =~ /^\[\](?:\s+\#.*)?\z/;

    # Regular unquoted string
    if ( $string !~ /^[&gt;|]/ ) {
        die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML found illegal characters in plain scalar: '$string'&quot;
            if $string =~ /^(?:-(?:\s|$)|[\@\%\`])/ or
                $string =~ /:(?:\s|$)/;
        $string =~ s/\s+#.*\z//;
        return $string;
    }

    # Error
    die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to find multi-line scalar content&quot; unless @$lines;

    # Check the indent depth
    $lines-&gt;[0]   =~ /^(\s*)/;
    $indent-&gt;[-1] = length(&quot;$1&quot;);
    if ( defined $indent-&gt;[-2] and $indent-&gt;[-1] &lt;= $indent-&gt;[-2] ) {
        die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML found bad indenting in line '$lines-&gt;[0]'&quot;;
    }

    # Pull the lines
    my @multiline = ();
    while ( @$lines ) {
        $lines-&gt;[0] =~ /^(\s*)/;
        last unless length($1) &gt;= $indent-&gt;[-1];
        push @multiline, substr(shift(@$lines), length($1));
    }

    my $j = (substr($string, 0, 1) eq '&gt;') ? ' ' : &quot;\n&quot;;
    my $t = (substr($string, 1, 1) eq '-') ? ''  : &quot;\n&quot;;
    return join( $j, @multiline ) . $t;
}

# Load an array
sub _load_array {
    my ($self, $array, $indent, $lines) = @_;

    while ( @$lines ) {
        # Check for a new document
        if ( $lines-&gt;[0] =~ /^(?:---|\.\.\.)/ ) {
            while ( @$lines and $lines-&gt;[0] !~ /^---/ ) {
                shift @$lines;
            }
            return 1;
        }

        # Check the indent level
        $lines-&gt;[0] =~ /^(\s*)/;
        if ( length($1) &lt; $indent-&gt;[-1] ) {
            return 1;
        } elsif ( length($1) &gt; $indent-&gt;[-1] ) {
            die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML found bad indenting in line '$lines-&gt;[0]'&quot;;
        }

        if ( $lines-&gt;[0] =~ /^(\s*\-\s+)[^\'\&quot;]\S*\s*:(?:\s+|$)/ ) {
            # Inline nested hash
            my $indent2 = length(&quot;$1&quot;);
            $lines-&gt;[0] =~ s/-/ /;
            push @$array, { };
            $self-&gt;_load_hash( $array-&gt;[-1], [ @$indent, $indent2 ], $lines );

        } elsif ( $lines-&gt;[0] =~ /^\s*\-\s*\z/ ) {
            shift @$lines;
            unless ( @$lines ) {
                push @$array, undef;
                return 1;
            }
            if ( $lines-&gt;[0] =~ /^(\s*)\-/ ) {
                my $indent2 = length(&quot;$1&quot;);
                if ( $indent-&gt;[-1] == $indent2 ) {
                    # Null array entry
                    push @$array, undef;
                } else {
                    # Naked indenter
                    push @$array, [ ];
                    $self-&gt;_load_array(
                        $array-&gt;[-1], [ @$indent, $indent2 ], $lines
                    );
                }

            } elsif ( $lines-&gt;[0] =~ /^(\s*)\S/ ) {
                push @$array, { };
                $self-&gt;_load_hash(
                    $array-&gt;[-1], [ @$indent, length(&quot;$1&quot;) ], $lines
                );

            } else {
                die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify line '$lines-&gt;[0]'&quot;;
            }

        } elsif ( $lines-&gt;[0] =~ /^\s*\-(\s*)(.+?)\s*\z/ ) {
            # Array entry with a value
            shift @$lines;
            push @$array, $self-&gt;_load_scalar(
                &quot;$2&quot;, [ @$indent, undef ], $lines
            );

        } elsif ( defined $indent-&gt;[-2] and $indent-&gt;[-1] == $indent-&gt;[-2] ) {
            # This is probably a structure like the following...
            # ---
            # foo:
            # - list
            # bar: value
            #
            # ... so lets return and let the hash parser handle it
            return 1;

        } else {
            die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify line '$lines-&gt;[0]'&quot;;
        }
    }

    return 1;
}

# Load a hash
sub _load_hash {
    my ($self, $hash, $indent, $lines) = @_;

    while ( @$lines ) {
        # Check for a new document
        if ( $lines-&gt;[0] =~ /^(?:---|\.\.\.)/ ) {
            while ( @$lines and $lines-&gt;[0] !~ /^---/ ) {
                shift @$lines;
            }
            return 1;
        }

        # Check the indent level
        $lines-&gt;[0] =~ /^(\s*)/;
        if ( length($1) &lt; $indent-&gt;[-1] ) {
            return 1;
        } elsif ( length($1) &gt; $indent-&gt;[-1] ) {
            die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML found bad indenting in line '$lines-&gt;[0]'&quot;;
        }

        # Find the key
        my $key;

        # Quoted keys
        if ( $lines-&gt;[0] =~
            s/^\s*$re_capture_single_quoted$re_key_value_separator//
        ) {
            $key = $self-&gt;_unquote_single($1);
        }
        elsif ( $lines-&gt;[0] =~
            s/^\s*$re_capture_double_quoted$re_key_value_separator//
        ) {
            $key = $self-&gt;_unquote_double($1);
        }
        elsif ( $lines-&gt;[0] =~
            s/^\s*$re_capture_unquoted_key$re_key_value_separator//
        ) {
            $key = $1;
            $key =~ s/\s+$//;
        }
        elsif ( $lines-&gt;[0] =~ /^\s*\?/ ) {
            die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support a feature in line '$lines-&gt;[0]'&quot;;
        }
        else {
            die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML failed to classify line '$lines-&gt;[0]'&quot;;
        }

        if ( exists $hash-&gt;{$key} ) {
            warn &quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML found a duplicate key '$key' in line '$lines-&gt;[0]'&quot;;
        }

        # Do we have a value?
        if ( length $lines-&gt;[0] ) {
            # Yes
            $hash-&gt;{$key} = $self-&gt;_load_scalar(
                shift(@$lines), [ @$indent, undef ], $lines
            );
        } else {
            # An indent
            shift @$lines;
            unless ( @$lines ) {
                $hash-&gt;{$key} = undef;
                return 1;
            }
            if ( $lines-&gt;[0] =~ /^(\s*)-/ ) {
                $hash-&gt;{$key} = [];
                $self-&gt;_load_array(
                    $hash-&gt;{$key}, [ @$indent, length($1) ], $lines
                );
            } elsif ( $lines-&gt;[0] =~ /^(\s*)./ ) {
                my $indent2 = length(&quot;$1&quot;);
                if ( $indent-&gt;[-1] &gt;= $indent2 ) {
                    # Null hash entry
                    $hash-&gt;{$key} = undef;
                } else {
                    $hash-&gt;{$key} = {};
                    $self-&gt;_load_hash(
                        $hash-&gt;{$key}, [ @$indent, length($1) ], $lines
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return 1;
}


###
# Dumper functions:

# Save an object to a file
sub _dump_file {
    my $self = shift;

    require Fcntl;

    # Check the file
    my $file = shift or $self-&gt;_error( 'You did not specify a file name' );

    my $fh;
    # flock if available (or warn if not possible for OS-specific reasons)
    if ( _can_flock() ) {
        # Open without truncation (truncate comes after lock)
        my $flags = Fcntl::O_WRONLY()|Fcntl::O_CREAT();
        sysopen( $fh, $file, $flags );
        unless ( $fh ) {
            $self-&gt;_error(&quot;Failed to open file '$file' for writing: $!&quot;);
        }

        # Use no translation and strict UTF-8
        binmode( $fh, &quot;:raw:encoding(UTF-8)&quot;);

        flock( $fh, Fcntl::LOCK_EX() )
            or warn &quot;Couldn't lock '$file' for reading: $!&quot;;

        # truncate and spew contents
        truncate $fh, 0;
        seek $fh, 0, 0;
    }
    else {
        open $fh, &quot;&gt;:unix:encoding(UTF-8)&quot;, $file;
    }

    # serialize and spew to the handle
    print {$fh} $self-&gt;_dump_string;

    # close the file (release the lock)
    unless ( close $fh ) {
        $self-&gt;_error(&quot;Failed to close file '$file': $!&quot;);
    }

    return 1;
}

# Save an object to a string
sub _dump_string {
    my $self = shift;
    return '' unless ref $self &amp;&amp; @$self;

    # Iterate over the documents
    my $indent = 0;
    my @lines  = ();

    eval {
        foreach my $cursor ( @$self ) {
            push @lines, '---';

            # An empty document
            if ( ! defined $cursor ) {
                # Do nothing

            # A scalar document
            } elsif ( ! ref $cursor ) {
                $lines[-1] .= ' ' . $self-&gt;_dump_scalar( $cursor );

            # A list at the root
            } elsif ( ref $cursor eq 'ARRAY' ) {
                unless ( @$cursor ) {
                    $lines[-1] .= ' []';
                    next;
                }
                push @lines, $self-&gt;_dump_array( $cursor, $indent, {} );

            # A hash at the root
            } elsif ( ref $cursor eq 'HASH' ) {
                unless ( %$cursor ) {
                    $lines[-1] .= ' {}';
                    next;
                }
                push @lines, $self-&gt;_dump_hash( $cursor, $indent, {} );

            } else {
                die \(&quot;Cannot serialize &quot; . ref($cursor));
            }
        }
    };
    if ( ref $@ eq 'SCALAR' ) {
        $self-&gt;_error(${$@});
    } elsif ( $@ ) {
        $self-&gt;_error($@);
    }

    join '', map { &quot;$_\n&quot; } @lines;
}

sub _has_internal_string_value {
    my $value = shift;
    my $b_obj = B::svref_2object(\$value);  # for round trip problem
    return $b_obj-&gt;FLAGS &amp; B::SVf_POK();
}

sub _dump_scalar {
    my $string = $_[1];
    my $is_key = $_[2];
    # Check this before checking length or it winds up looking like a string!
    my $has_string_flag = _has_internal_string_value($string);
    return '~'  unless defined $string;
    return &quot;''&quot; unless length  $string;
    if (Scalar::Util::looks_like_number($string)) {
        # keys and values that have been used as strings get quoted
        if ( $is_key || $has_string_flag ) {
            return qq['$string'];
        }
        else {
            return $string;
        }
    }
    if ( $string =~ /[\x00-\x09\x0b-\x0d\x0e-\x1f\x7f-\x9f\'\n]/ ) {
        $string =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
        $string =~ s/&quot;/\\&quot;/g;
        $string =~ s/\n/\\n/g;
        $string =~ s/[\x85]/\\N/g;
        $string =~ s/([\x00-\x1f])/\\$UNPRINTABLE[ord($1)]/g;
        $string =~ s/([\x7f-\x9f])/'\x' . sprintf(&quot;%X&quot;,ord($1))/ge;
        return qq|&quot;$string&quot;|;
    }
    if ( $string =~ /(?:^[~!@#%&amp;*|&gt;?:,'&quot;`{}\[\]]|^-+$|\s|:\z)/ or
        $QUOTE{$string}
    ) {
        return &quot;'$string'&quot;;
    }
    return $string;
}

sub _dump_array {
    my ($self, $array, $indent, $seen) = @_;
    if ( $seen-&gt;{refaddr($array)}++ ) {
        die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support circular references&quot;;
    }
    my @lines  = ();
    foreach my $el ( @$array ) {
        my $line = ('  ' x $indent) . '-';
        my $type = ref $el;
        if ( ! $type ) {
            $line .= ' ' . $self-&gt;_dump_scalar( $el );
            push @lines, $line;

        } elsif ( $type eq 'ARRAY' ) {
            if ( @$el ) {
                push @lines, $line;
                push @lines, $self-&gt;_dump_array( $el, $indent + 1, $seen );
            } else {
                $line .= ' []';
                push @lines, $line;
            }

        } elsif ( $type eq 'HASH' ) {
            if ( keys %$el ) {
                push @lines, $line;
                push @lines, $self-&gt;_dump_hash( $el, $indent + 1, $seen );
            } else {
                $line .= ' {}';
                push @lines, $line;
            }

        } else {
            die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support $type references&quot;;
        }
    }

    @lines;
}

sub _dump_hash {
    my ($self, $hash, $indent, $seen) = @_;
    if ( $seen-&gt;{refaddr($hash)}++ ) {
        die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support circular references&quot;;
    }
    my @lines  = ();
    foreach my $name ( sort keys %$hash ) {
        my $el   = $hash-&gt;{$name};
        my $line = ('  ' x $indent) . $self-&gt;_dump_scalar($name, 1) . &quot;:&quot;;
        my $type = ref $el;
        if ( ! $type ) {
            $line .= ' ' . $self-&gt;_dump_scalar( $el );
            push @lines, $line;

        } elsif ( $type eq 'ARRAY' ) {
            if ( @$el ) {
                push @lines, $line;
                push @lines, $self-&gt;_dump_array( $el, $indent + 1, $seen );
            } else {
                $line .= ' []';
                push @lines, $line;
            }

        } elsif ( $type eq 'HASH' ) {
            if ( keys %$el ) {
                push @lines, $line;
                push @lines, $self-&gt;_dump_hash( $el, $indent + 1, $seen );
            } else {
                $line .= ' {}';
                push @lines, $line;
            }

        } else {
            die \&quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML does not support $type references&quot;;
        }
    }

    @lines;
}


#####################################################################
# DEPRECATED API methods:

# Error storage (DEPRECATED as of 1.57)
our $errstr    = '';

# Set error
sub _error {
    require Carp;
    $errstr = $_[1];
    $errstr =~ s/ at \S+ line \d+.*//;
    Carp::croak( $errstr );
}

# Retrieve error
my $errstr_warned;
sub errstr {
    require Carp;
    Carp::carp( &quot;CPAN::Meta::YAML-&gt;errstr and \$CPAN::Meta::YAML::errstr is deprecated&quot; )
        unless $errstr_warned++;
    $errstr;
}


#####################################################################
# Helper functions. Possibly not needed.


# Use to detect nv or iv
use B;

# XXX-INGY Is flock CPAN::Meta::YAML's responsibility?
# Some platforms can't flock :-(
# XXX-XDG I think it is.  When reading and writing files, we ought
# to be locking whenever possible.  People (foolishly) use YAML
# files for things like session storage, which has race issues.
my $HAS_FLOCK;
sub _can_flock {
    if ( defined $HAS_FLOCK ) {
        return $HAS_FLOCK;
    }
    else {
        require Config;
        my $c = \%Config::Config;
        $HAS_FLOCK = grep { $c-&gt;{$_} } qw/d_flock d_fcntl_can_lock d_lockf/;
        require Fcntl if $HAS_FLOCK;
        return $HAS_FLOCK;
    }
}


# XXX-INGY Is this core in 5.8.1? Can we remove this?
# XXX-XDG Scalar::Util 1.18 didn't land until 5.8.8, so we need this
#####################################################################
# Use Scalar::Util if possible, otherwise emulate it

use Scalar::Util ();
BEGIN {
    local $@;
    if ( eval { Scalar::Util-&gt;VERSION(1.18); } ) {
        *refaddr = *Scalar::Util::refaddr;
    }
    else {
        eval &lt;&lt;'END_PERL';
# Scalar::Util failed to load or too old
sub refaddr {
    my $pkg = ref($_[0]) or return undef;
    if ( !! UNIVERSAL::can($_[0], 'can') ) {
        bless $_[0], 'Scalar::Util::Fake';
    } else {
        $pkg = undef;
    }
    &quot;$_[0]&quot; =~ /0x(\w+)/;
    my $i = do { no warnings 'portable'; hex $1 };
    bless $_[0], $pkg if defined $pkg;
    $i;
}
END_PERL
    }
}

delete $CPAN::Meta::YAML::{refaddr};

1;

# XXX-INGY Doc notes I'm putting up here. Changing the doc when it's wrong
# but leaving grey area stuff up here.
#
# I would like to change Read/Write to Load/Dump below without
# changing the actual API names.
#
# It might be better to put Load/Dump API in the SYNOPSIS instead of the
# dubious OO API.
#
# null and bool explanations may be outdated.

=pod

=encoding UTF-8

=head1 NAME

CPAN::Meta::YAML - Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files

=head1 VERSION

version 0.018

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    use CPAN::Meta::YAML;

    # reading a META file
    open $fh, &quot;&lt;:utf8&quot;, &quot;META.yml&quot;;
    $yaml_text = do { local $/; &lt;$fh&gt; };
    $yaml = CPAN::Meta::YAML-&gt;read_string($yaml_text)
      or die CPAN::Meta::YAML-&gt;errstr;

    # finding the metadata
    $meta = $yaml-&gt;[0];

    # writing a META file
    $yaml_text = $yaml-&gt;write_string
      or die CPAN::Meta::YAML-&gt;errstr;
    open $fh, &quot;&gt;:utf8&quot;, &quot;META.yml&quot;;
    print $fh $yaml_text;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module implements a subset of the YAML specification for use in reading
and writing CPAN metadata files like F&lt;META.yml&gt; and F&lt;MYMETA.yml&gt;.  It should
not be used for any other general YAML parsing or generation task.

NOTE: F&lt;META.yml&gt; (and F&lt;MYMETA.yml&gt;) files should be UTF-8 encoded.  Users are
responsible for proper encoding and decoding.  In particular, the C&lt;read&gt; and
C&lt;write&gt; methods do B&lt;not&gt; support UTF-8 and should not be used.

=head1 SUPPORT

This module is currently derived from L&lt;YAML::Tiny&gt; by Adam Kennedy.  If
there are bugs in how it parses a particular META.yml file, please file
a bug report in the YAML::Tiny bugtracker:
L&lt;https://github.com/Perl-Toolchain-Gang/YAML-Tiny/issues&gt;

=head1 SEE ALSO

L&lt;YAML::Tiny&gt;, L&lt;YAML&gt;, L&lt;YAML::XS&gt;

=head1 AUTHORS

=over 4

=item *

Adam Kennedy &lt;adamk@cpan.org&gt;

=item *

David Golden &lt;dagolden@cpan.org&gt;

=back

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This software is copyright (c) 2010 by Adam Kennedy.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

=cut

__END__


# ABSTRACT: Read and write a subset of YAML for CPAN Meta files


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