<h2>Editing File: /usr/local/sitepad/editor/site-inc/class-json.php</h2><form method='post'><textarea name='content' class='file-edit'>&lt;?php
if ( ! class_exists( 'Services_JSON' ) ) :
/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
/**
 * Converts to and from JSON format.
 *
 * JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange
 * format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines
 * to parse and generate. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript
 * Programming Language, Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999.
 * This feature can also be found in  Python. JSON is a text format that is
 * completely language independent but uses conventions that are familiar
 * to programmers of the C-family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java,
 * JavaScript, Perl, TCL, and many others. These properties make JSON an
 * ideal data-interchange language.
 *
 * This package provides a simple encoder and decoder for JSON notation. It
 * is intended for use with client-side Javascript applications that make
 * use of HTTPRequest to perform server communication functions - data can
 * be encoded into JSON notation for use in a client-side javascript, or
 * decoded from incoming Javascript requests. JSON format is native to
 * Javascript, and can be directly eval()'ed with no further parsing
 * overhead
 *
 * All strings should be in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
 *
 * LICENSE: Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
 * without modification, are permitted provided that the following
 * conditions are met: Redistributions of source code must retain the
 * above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 * disclaimer. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 * distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN
 * NO EVENT SHALL CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
 * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR
 * TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
 * USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
 * DAMAGE.
 *
 * @category
 * @package     Services_JSON
 * @author      Michal Migurski &lt;mike-json@teczno.com&gt;
 * @author      Matt Knapp &lt;mdknapp[at]gmail[dot]com&gt;
 * @author      Brett Stimmerman &lt;brettstimmerman[at]gmail[dot]com&gt;
 * @copyright   2005 Michal Migurski
 * @version     CVS: $Id: JSON.php 305040 2010-11-02 23:19:03Z alan_k $
 * @license     http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
 * @link        http://pear.php.net/pepr/pepr-proposal-show.php?id=198
 */

/**
 * Marker constant for Services_JSON::decode(), used to flag stack state
 */
define('SERVICES_JSON_SLICE',   1);

/**
 * Marker constant for Services_JSON::decode(), used to flag stack state
 */
define('SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR',  2);

/**
 * Marker constant for Services_JSON::decode(), used to flag stack state
 */
define('SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR',  3);

/**
 * Marker constant for Services_JSON::decode(), used to flag stack state
 */
define('SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ',  4);

/**
 * Marker constant for Services_JSON::decode(), used to flag stack state
 */
define('SERVICES_JSON_IN_CMT', 5);

/**
 * Behavior switch for Services_JSON::decode()
 */
define('SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE', 16);

/**
 * Behavior switch for Services_JSON::decode()
 */
define('SERVICES_JSON_SUPPRESS_ERRORS', 32);

/**
 * Behavior switch for Services_JSON::decode()
 */
define('SERVICES_JSON_USE_TO_JSON', 64);

/**
 * Converts to and from JSON format.
 *
 * Brief example of use:
 *
 * &lt;code&gt;
 * // create a new instance of Services_JSON
 * $json = new Services_JSON();
 *
 * // convert a complexe value to JSON notation, and send it to the browser
 * $value = array('foo', 'bar', array(1, 2, 'baz'), array(3, array(4)));
 * $output = $json-&gt;encode($value);
 *
 * print($output);
 * // prints: [&quot;foo&quot;,&quot;bar&quot;,[1,2,&quot;baz&quot;],[3,[4]]]
 *
 * // accept incoming POST data, assumed to be in JSON notation
 * $input = file_get_contents('php://input', 1000000);
 * $value = $json-&gt;decode($input);
 * &lt;/code&gt;
 */
class Services_JSON
{
   /**
    * constructs a new JSON instance
    *
    * @param    int     $use    object behavior flags; combine with boolean-OR
    *
    *                           possible values:
    *                           - SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE:  loose typing.
    *                                   &quot;{...}&quot; syntax creates associative arrays
    *                                   instead of objects in decode().
    *                           - SERVICES_JSON_SUPPRESS_ERRORS:  error suppression.
    *                                   Values which can't be encoded (e.g. resources)
    *                                   appear as NULL instead of throwing errors.
    *                                   By default, a deeply-nested resource will
    *                                   bubble up with an error, so all return values
    *                                   from encode() should be checked with isError()
    *                           - SERVICES_JSON_USE_TO_JSON:  call toJSON when serializing objects
    *                                   It serializes the return value from the toJSON call rather 
    *                                   than the object itself, toJSON can return associative arrays, 
    *                                   strings or numbers, if you return an object, make sure it does
    *                                   not have a toJSON method, otherwise an error will occur.
    */
    function __construct( $use = 0 )
    {
        $this-&gt;use = $use;
        $this-&gt;_mb_strlen            = function_exists('mb_strlen');
        $this-&gt;_mb_convert_encoding  = function_exists('mb_convert_encoding');
        $this-&gt;_mb_substr            = function_exists('mb_substr');
    }

	/**
	 * PHP4 constructor.
	 */
	public function Services_JSON( $use = 0 ) {
		self::__construct( $use );
	}
    // private - cache the mbstring lookup results..
    var $_mb_strlen = false;
    var $_mb_substr = false;
    var $_mb_convert_encoding = false;
    
   /**
    * convert a string from one UTF-16 char to one UTF-8 char
    *
    * Normally should be handled by mb_convert_encoding, but
    * provides a slower PHP-only method for installations
    * that lack the multibye string extension.
    *
    * @param    string  $utf16  UTF-16 character
    * @return   string  UTF-8 character
    * @access   private
    */
    function utf162utf8($utf16)
    {
        // oh please oh please oh please oh please oh please
        if($this-&gt;_mb_convert_encoding) {
            return mb_convert_encoding($utf16, 'UTF-8', 'UTF-16');
        }

        $bytes = (ord($utf16{0}) &lt;&lt; 8) | ord($utf16{1});

        switch(true) {
            case ((0x7F &amp; $bytes) == $bytes):
                // this case should never be reached, because we are in ASCII range
                // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                return chr(0x7F &amp; $bytes);

            case (0x07FF &amp; $bytes) == $bytes:
                // return a 2-byte UTF-8 character
                // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                return chr(0xC0 | (($bytes &gt;&gt; 6) &amp; 0x1F))
                     . chr(0x80 | ($bytes &amp; 0x3F));

            case (0xFFFF &amp; $bytes) == $bytes:
                // return a 3-byte UTF-8 character
                // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                return chr(0xE0 | (($bytes &gt;&gt; 12) &amp; 0x0F))
                     . chr(0x80 | (($bytes &gt;&gt; 6) &amp; 0x3F))
                     . chr(0x80 | ($bytes &amp; 0x3F));
        }

        // ignoring UTF-32 for now, sorry
        return '';
    }

   /**
    * convert a string from one UTF-8 char to one UTF-16 char
    *
    * Normally should be handled by mb_convert_encoding, but
    * provides a slower PHP-only method for installations
    * that lack the multibye string extension.
    *
    * @param    string  $utf8   UTF-8 character
    * @return   string  UTF-16 character
    * @access   private
    */
    function utf82utf16($utf8)
    {
        // oh please oh please oh please oh please oh please
        if($this-&gt;_mb_convert_encoding) {
            return mb_convert_encoding($utf8, 'UTF-16', 'UTF-8');
        }

        switch($this-&gt;strlen8($utf8)) {
            case 1:
                // this case should never be reached, because we are in ASCII range
                // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                return $utf8;

            case 2:
                // return a UTF-16 character from a 2-byte UTF-8 char
                // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                return chr(0x07 &amp; (ord($utf8{0}) &gt;&gt; 2))
                     . chr((0xC0 &amp; (ord($utf8{0}) &lt;&lt; 6))
                         | (0x3F &amp; ord($utf8{1})));

            case 3:
                // return a UTF-16 character from a 3-byte UTF-8 char
                // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                return chr((0xF0 &amp; (ord($utf8{0}) &lt;&lt; 4))
                         | (0x0F &amp; (ord($utf8{1}) &gt;&gt; 2)))
                     . chr((0xC0 &amp; (ord($utf8{1}) &lt;&lt; 6))
                         | (0x7F &amp; ord($utf8{2})));
        }

        // ignoring UTF-32 for now, sorry
        return '';
    }

   /**
    * encodes an arbitrary variable into JSON format (and sends JSON Header)
    *
    * @param    mixed   $var    any number, boolean, string, array, or object to be encoded.
    *                           see argument 1 to Services_JSON() above for array-parsing behavior.
    *                           if var is a string, note that encode() always expects it
    *                           to be in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
    *
    * @return   mixed   JSON string representation of input var or an error if a problem occurs
    * @access   public
    */
    function encode($var)
    {
        header('Content-type: application/json');
        return $this-&gt;encodeUnsafe($var);
    }
    /**
    * encodes an arbitrary variable into JSON format without JSON Header - warning - may allow XSS!!!!)
    *
    * @param    mixed   $var    any number, boolean, string, array, or object to be encoded.
    *                           see argument 1 to Services_JSON() above for array-parsing behavior.
    *                           if var is a string, note that encode() always expects it
    *                           to be in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
    *
    * @return   mixed   JSON string representation of input var or an error if a problem occurs
    * @access   public
    */
    function encodeUnsafe($var)
    {
        // see bug #16908 - regarding numeric locale printing
        $lc = setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, 0);
        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, 'C');
        $ret = $this-&gt;_encode($var);
        setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, $lc);
        return $ret;
        
    }
    /**
    * PRIVATE CODE that does the work of encodes an arbitrary variable into JSON format 
    *
    * @param    mixed   $var    any number, boolean, string, array, or object to be encoded.
    *                           see argument 1 to Services_JSON() above for array-parsing behavior.
    *                           if var is a string, note that encode() always expects it
    *                           to be in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
    *
    * @return   mixed   JSON string representation of input var or an error if a problem occurs
    * @access   public
    */
    function _encode($var) 
    {
         
        switch (gettype($var)) {
            case 'boolean':
                return $var ? 'true' : 'false';

            case 'NULL':
                return 'null';

            case 'integer':
                return (int) $var;

            case 'double':
            case 'float':
                return  (float) $var;

            case 'string':
                // STRINGS ARE EXPECTED TO BE IN ASCII OR UTF-8 FORMAT
                $ascii = '';
                $strlen_var = $this-&gt;strlen8($var);

               /*
                * Iterate over every character in the string,
                * escaping with a slash or encoding to UTF-8 where necessary
                */
                for ($c = 0; $c &lt; $strlen_var; ++$c) {

                    $ord_var_c = ord($var{$c});

                    switch (true) {
                        case $ord_var_c == 0x08:
                            $ascii .= '\b';
                            break;
                        case $ord_var_c == 0x09:
                            $ascii .= '\t';
                            break;
                        case $ord_var_c == 0x0A:
                            $ascii .= '\n';
                            break;
                        case $ord_var_c == 0x0C:
                            $ascii .= '\f';
                            break;
                        case $ord_var_c == 0x0D:
                            $ascii .= '\r';
                            break;

                        case $ord_var_c == 0x22:
                        case $ord_var_c == 0x2F:
                        case $ord_var_c == 0x5C:
                            // double quote, slash, slosh
                            $ascii .= '\\'.$var{$c};
                            break;

                        case (($ord_var_c &gt;= 0x20) &amp;&amp; ($ord_var_c &lt;= 0x7F)):
                            // characters U-00000000 - U-0000007F (same as ASCII)
                            $ascii .= $var{$c};
                            break;

                        case (($ord_var_c &amp; 0xE0) == 0xC0):
                            // characters U-00000080 - U-000007FF, mask 110XXXXX
                            // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                            if ($c+1 &gt;= $strlen_var) {
                                $c += 1;
                                $ascii .= '?';
                                break;
                            }
                            
                            $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c, ord($var{$c + 1}));
                            $c += 1;
                            $utf16 = $this-&gt;utf82utf16($char);
                            $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16));
                            break;

                        case (($ord_var_c &amp; 0xF0) == 0xE0):
                            if ($c+2 &gt;= $strlen_var) {
                                $c += 2;
                                $ascii .= '?';
                                break;
                            }
                            // characters U-00000800 - U-0000FFFF, mask 1110XXXX
                            // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                            $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c,
                                         @ord($var{$c + 1}),
                                         @ord($var{$c + 2}));
                            $c += 2;
                            $utf16 = $this-&gt;utf82utf16($char);
                            $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16));
                            break;

                        case (($ord_var_c &amp; 0xF8) == 0xF0):
                            if ($c+3 &gt;= $strlen_var) {
                                $c += 3;
                                $ascii .= '?';
                                break;
                            }
                            // characters U-00010000 - U-001FFFFF, mask 11110XXX
                            // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                            $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c,
                                         ord($var{$c + 1}),
                                         ord($var{$c + 2}),
                                         ord($var{$c + 3}));
                            $c += 3;
                            $utf16 = $this-&gt;utf82utf16($char);
                            $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16));
                            break;

                        case (($ord_var_c &amp; 0xFC) == 0xF8):
                            // characters U-00200000 - U-03FFFFFF, mask 111110XX
                            // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                            if ($c+4 &gt;= $strlen_var) {
                                $c += 4;
                                $ascii .= '?';
                                break;
                            }
                            $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c,
                                         ord($var{$c + 1}),
                                         ord($var{$c + 2}),
                                         ord($var{$c + 3}),
                                         ord($var{$c + 4}));
                            $c += 4;
                            $utf16 = $this-&gt;utf82utf16($char);
                            $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16));
                            break;

                        case (($ord_var_c &amp; 0xFE) == 0xFC):
                        if ($c+5 &gt;= $strlen_var) {
                                $c += 5;
                                $ascii .= '?';
                                break;
                            }
                            // characters U-04000000 - U-7FFFFFFF, mask 1111110X
                            // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                            $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c,
                                         ord($var{$c + 1}),
                                         ord($var{$c + 2}),
                                         ord($var{$c + 3}),
                                         ord($var{$c + 4}),
                                         ord($var{$c + 5}));
                            $c += 5;
                            $utf16 = $this-&gt;utf82utf16($char);
                            $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16));
                            break;
                    }
                }
                return  '&quot;'.$ascii.'&quot;';

            case 'array':
               /*
                * As per JSON spec if any array key is not an integer
                * we must treat the whole array as an object. We
                * also try to catch a sparsely populated associative
                * array with numeric keys here because some JS engines
                * will create an array with empty indexes up to
                * max_index which can cause memory issues and because
                * the keys, which may be relevant, will be remapped
                * otherwise.
                *
                * As per the ECMA and JSON specification an object may
                * have any string as a property. Unfortunately due to
                * a hole in the ECMA specification if the key is a
                * ECMA reserved word or starts with a digit the
                * parameter is only accessible using ECMAScript's
                * bracket notation.
                */

                // treat as a JSON object
                if (is_array($var) &amp;&amp; count($var) &amp;&amp; (array_keys($var) !== range(0, sizeof($var) - 1))) {
                    $properties = array_map(array($this, 'name_value'),
                                            array_keys($var),
                                            array_values($var));

                    foreach($properties as $property) {
                        if(Services_JSON::isError($property)) {
                            return $property;
                        }
                    }

                    return '{' . join(',', $properties) . '}';
                }

                // treat it like a regular array
                $elements = array_map(array($this, '_encode'), $var);

                foreach($elements as $element) {
                    if(Services_JSON::isError($element)) {
                        return $element;
                    }
                }

                return '[' . join(',', $elements) . ']';

            case 'object':
            
                // support toJSON methods.
                if (($this-&gt;use &amp; SERVICES_JSON_USE_TO_JSON) &amp;&amp; method_exists($var, 'toJSON')) {
                    // this may end up allowing unlimited recursion
                    // so we check the return value to make sure it's not got the same method.
                    $recode = $var-&gt;toJSON();
                    
                    if (method_exists($recode, 'toJSON')) {
                        
                        return ($this-&gt;use &amp; SERVICES_JSON_SUPPRESS_ERRORS)
                        ? 'null'
                        : new Services_JSON_Error(get_class($var).
                            &quot; toJSON returned an object with a toJSON method.&quot;);
                            
                    }
                    
                    return $this-&gt;_encode( $recode );
                } 
                
                $vars = get_object_vars($var);
                
                $properties = array_map(array($this, 'name_value'),
                                        array_keys($vars),
                                        array_values($vars));

                foreach($properties as $property) {
                    if(Services_JSON::isError($property)) {
                        return $property;
                    }
                }

                return '{' . join(',', $properties) . '}';

            default:
                return ($this-&gt;use &amp; SERVICES_JSON_SUPPRESS_ERRORS)
                    ? 'null'
                    : new Services_JSON_Error(gettype($var).&quot; can not be encoded as JSON string&quot;);
        }
    }

   /**
    * array-walking function for use in generating JSON-formatted name-value pairs
    *
    * @param    string  $name   name of key to use
    * @param    mixed   $value  reference to an array element to be encoded
    *
    * @return   string  JSON-formatted name-value pair, like '&quot;name&quot;:value'
    * @access   private
    */
    function name_value($name, $value)
    {
        $encoded_value = $this-&gt;_encode($value);

        if(Services_JSON::isError($encoded_value)) {
            return $encoded_value;
        }

        return $this-&gt;_encode(strval($name)) . ':' . $encoded_value;
    }

   /**
    * reduce a string by removing leading and trailing comments and whitespace
    *
    * @param    $str    string      string value to strip of comments and whitespace
    *
    * @return   string  string value stripped of comments and whitespace
    * @access   private
    */
    function reduce_string($str)
    {
        $str = preg_replace(array(

                // eliminate single line comments in '// ...' form
                '#^\s*//(.+)$#m',

                // eliminate multi-line comments in '/* ... */' form, at start of string
                '#^\s*/\*(.+)\*/#Us',

                // eliminate multi-line comments in '/* ... */' form, at end of string
                '#/\*(.+)\*/\s*$#Us'

            ), '', $str);

        // eliminate extraneous space
        return trim($str);
    }

   /**
    * decodes a JSON string into appropriate variable
    *
    * @param    string  $str    JSON-formatted string
    *
    * @return   mixed   number, boolean, string, array, or object
    *                   corresponding to given JSON input string.
    *                   See argument 1 to Services_JSON() above for object-output behavior.
    *                   Note that decode() always returns strings
    *                   in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
    * @access   public
    */
    function decode($str)
    {
        $str = $this-&gt;reduce_string($str);

        switch (strtolower($str)) {
            case 'true':
                return true;

            case 'false':
                return false;

            case 'null':
                return null;

            default:
                $m = array();

                if (is_numeric($str)) {
                    // Lookie-loo, it's a number

                    // This would work on its own, but I'm trying to be
                    // good about returning integers where appropriate:
                    // return (float)$str;

                    // Return float or int, as appropriate
                    return ((float)$str == (integer)$str)
                        ? (integer)$str
                        : (float)$str;

                } elseif (preg_match('/^(&quot;|\').*(\1)$/s', $str, $m) &amp;&amp; $m[1] == $m[2]) {
                    // STRINGS RETURNED IN UTF-8 FORMAT
                    $delim = $this-&gt;substr8($str, 0, 1);
                    $chrs = $this-&gt;substr8($str, 1, -1);
                    $utf8 = '';
                    $strlen_chrs = $this-&gt;strlen8($chrs);

                    for ($c = 0; $c &lt; $strlen_chrs; ++$c) {

                        $substr_chrs_c_2 = $this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $c, 2);
                        $ord_chrs_c = ord($chrs{$c});

                        switch (true) {
                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\b':
                                $utf8 .= chr(0x08);
                                ++$c;
                                break;
                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\t':
                                $utf8 .= chr(0x09);
                                ++$c;
                                break;
                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\n':
                                $utf8 .= chr(0x0A);
                                ++$c;
                                break;
                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\f':
                                $utf8 .= chr(0x0C);
                                ++$c;
                                break;
                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\r':
                                $utf8 .= chr(0x0D);
                                ++$c;
                                break;

                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\&quot;':
                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\\'':
                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\\\':
                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\/':
                                if (($delim == '&quot;' &amp;&amp; $substr_chrs_c_2 != '\\\'') ||
                                   ($delim == &quot;'&quot; &amp;&amp; $substr_chrs_c_2 != '\\&quot;')) {
                                    $utf8 .= $chrs{++$c};
                                }
                                break;

                            case preg_match('/\\\u[0-9A-F]{4}/i', $this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $c, 6)):
                                // single, escaped unicode character
                                $utf16 = chr(hexdec($this-&gt;substr8($chrs, ($c + 2), 2)))
                                       . chr(hexdec($this-&gt;substr8($chrs, ($c + 4), 2)));
                                $utf8 .= $this-&gt;utf162utf8($utf16);
                                $c += 5;
                                break;

                            case ($ord_chrs_c &gt;= 0x20) &amp;&amp; ($ord_chrs_c &lt;= 0x7F):
                                $utf8 .= $chrs{$c};
                                break;

                            case ($ord_chrs_c &amp; 0xE0) == 0xC0:
                                // characters U-00000080 - U-000007FF, mask 110XXXXX
                                //see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                                $utf8 .= $this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $c, 2);
                                ++$c;
                                break;

                            case ($ord_chrs_c &amp; 0xF0) == 0xE0:
                                // characters U-00000800 - U-0000FFFF, mask 1110XXXX
                                // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                                $utf8 .= $this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $c, 3);
                                $c += 2;
                                break;

                            case ($ord_chrs_c &amp; 0xF8) == 0xF0:
                                // characters U-00010000 - U-001FFFFF, mask 11110XXX
                                // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                                $utf8 .= $this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $c, 4);
                                $c += 3;
                                break;

                            case ($ord_chrs_c &amp; 0xFC) == 0xF8:
                                // characters U-00200000 - U-03FFFFFF, mask 111110XX
                                // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                                $utf8 .= $this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $c, 5);
                                $c += 4;
                                break;

                            case ($ord_chrs_c &amp; 0xFE) == 0xFC:
                                // characters U-04000000 - U-7FFFFFFF, mask 1111110X
                                // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
                                $utf8 .= $this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $c, 6);
                                $c += 5;
                                break;

                        }

                    }

                    return $utf8;

                } elseif (preg_match('/^\[.*\]$/s', $str) || preg_match('/^\{.*\}$/s', $str)) {
                    // array, or object notation

                    if ($str{0} == '[') {
                        $stk = array(SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR);
                        $arr = array();
                    } else {
                        if ($this-&gt;use &amp; SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE) {
                            $stk = array(SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ);
                            $obj = array();
                        } else {
                            $stk = array(SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ);
                            $obj = new stdClass();
                        }
                    }

                    array_push($stk, array('what'  =&gt; SERVICES_JSON_SLICE,
                                           'where' =&gt; 0,
                                           'delim' =&gt; false));

                    $chrs = $this-&gt;substr8($str, 1, -1);
                    $chrs = $this-&gt;reduce_string($chrs);

                    if ($chrs == '') {
                        if (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR) {
                            return $arr;

                        } else {
                            return $obj;

                        }
                    }

                    //print(&quot;\nparsing {$chrs}\n&quot;);

                    $strlen_chrs = $this-&gt;strlen8($chrs);

                    for ($c = 0; $c &lt;= $strlen_chrs; ++$c) {

                        $top = end($stk);
                        $substr_chrs_c_2 = $this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $c, 2);

                        if (($c == $strlen_chrs) || (($chrs{$c} == ',') &amp;&amp; ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_SLICE))) {
                            // found a comma that is not inside a string, array, etc.,
                            // OR we've reached the end of the character list
                            $slice = $this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $top['where'], ($c - $top['where']));
                            array_push($stk, array('what' =&gt; SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, 'where' =&gt; ($c + 1), 'delim' =&gt; false));
                            //print(&quot;Found split at {$c}: &quot;.$this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where'])).&quot;\n&quot;);

                            if (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR) {
                                // we are in an array, so just push an element onto the stack
                                array_push($arr, $this-&gt;decode($slice));

                            } elseif (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ) {
                                // we are in an object, so figure
                                // out the property name and set an
                                // element in an associative array,
                                // for now
                                $parts = array();
                                
                               if (preg_match('/^\s*([&quot;\'].*[^\\\][&quot;\'])\s*:/Uis', $slice, $parts)) {
 	                              // &quot;name&quot;:value pair
                                    $key = $this-&gt;decode($parts[1]);
                                    $val = $this-&gt;decode(trim(substr($slice, strlen($parts[0])), &quot;, \t\n\r\0\x0B&quot;));
                                    if ($this-&gt;use &amp; SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE) {
                                        $obj[$key] = $val;
                                    } else {
                                        $obj-&gt;$key = $val;
                                    }
                                } elseif (preg_match('/^\s*(\w+)\s*:/Uis', $slice, $parts)) {
                                    // name:value pair, where name is unquoted
                                    $key = $parts[1];
                                    $val = $this-&gt;decode(trim(substr($slice, strlen($parts[0])), &quot;, \t\n\r\0\x0B&quot;));

                                    if ($this-&gt;use &amp; SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE) {
                                        $obj[$key] = $val;
                                    } else {
                                        $obj-&gt;$key = $val;
                                    }
                                }

                            }

                        } elseif ((($chrs{$c} == '&quot;') || ($chrs{$c} == &quot;'&quot;)) &amp;&amp; ($top['what'] != SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR)) {
                            // found a quote, and we are not inside a string
                            array_push($stk, array('what' =&gt; SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR, 'where' =&gt; $c, 'delim' =&gt; $chrs{$c}));
                            //print(&quot;Found start of string at {$c}\n&quot;);

                        } elseif (($chrs{$c} == $top['delim']) &amp;&amp;
                                 ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR) &amp;&amp;
                                 (($this-&gt;strlen8($this-&gt;substr8($chrs, 0, $c)) - $this-&gt;strlen8(rtrim($this-&gt;substr8($chrs, 0, $c), '\\'))) % 2 != 1)) {
                            // found a quote, we're in a string, and it's not escaped
                            // we know that it's not escaped becase there is _not_ an
                            // odd number of backslashes at the end of the string so far
                            array_pop($stk);
                            //print(&quot;Found end of string at {$c}: &quot;.$this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + 1 + $c - $top['where'])).&quot;\n&quot;);

                        } elseif (($chrs{$c} == '[') &amp;&amp;
                                 in_array($top['what'], array(SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ))) {
                            // found a left-bracket, and we are in an array, object, or slice
                            array_push($stk, array('what' =&gt; SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, 'where' =&gt; $c, 'delim' =&gt; false));
                            //print(&quot;Found start of array at {$c}\n&quot;);

                        } elseif (($chrs{$c} == ']') &amp;&amp; ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR)) {
                            // found a right-bracket, and we're in an array
                            array_pop($stk);
                            //print(&quot;Found end of array at {$c}: &quot;.$this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where'])).&quot;\n&quot;);

                        } elseif (($chrs{$c} == '{') &amp;&amp;
                                 in_array($top['what'], array(SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ))) {
                            // found a left-brace, and we are in an array, object, or slice
                            array_push($stk, array('what' =&gt; SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ, 'where' =&gt; $c, 'delim' =&gt; false));
                            //print(&quot;Found start of object at {$c}\n&quot;);

                        } elseif (($chrs{$c} == '}') &amp;&amp; ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ)) {
                            // found a right-brace, and we're in an object
                            array_pop($stk);
                            //print(&quot;Found end of object at {$c}: &quot;.$this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where'])).&quot;\n&quot;);

                        } elseif (($substr_chrs_c_2 == '/*') &amp;&amp;
                                 in_array($top['what'], array(SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ))) {
                            // found a comment start, and we are in an array, object, or slice
                            array_push($stk, array('what' =&gt; SERVICES_JSON_IN_CMT, 'where' =&gt; $c, 'delim' =&gt; false));
                            $c++;
                            //print(&quot;Found start of comment at {$c}\n&quot;);

                        } elseif (($substr_chrs_c_2 == '*/') &amp;&amp; ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_CMT)) {
                            // found a comment end, and we're in one now
                            array_pop($stk);
                            $c++;

                            for ($i = $top['where']; $i &lt;= $c; ++$i)
                                $chrs = substr_replace($chrs, ' ', $i, 1);

                            //print(&quot;Found end of comment at {$c}: &quot;.$this-&gt;substr8($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where'])).&quot;\n&quot;);

                        }

                    }

                    if (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR) {
                        return $arr;

                    } elseif (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ) {
                        return $obj;

                    }

                }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @todo Ultimately, this should just call PEAR::isError()
     */
    function isError($data, $code = null)
    {
        if (class_exists('pear')) {
            return PEAR::isError($data, $code);
        } elseif (is_object($data) &amp;&amp; (get_class($data) == 'services_json_error' ||
                                 is_subclass_of($data, 'services_json_error'))) {
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }
    
    /**
    * Calculates length of string in bytes
    * @param string 
    * @return integer length
    */
    function strlen8( $str ) 
    {
        if ( $this-&gt;_mb_strlen ) {
            return mb_strlen( $str, &quot;8bit&quot; );
        }
        return strlen( $str );
    }
    
    /**
    * Returns part of a string, interpreting $start and $length as number of bytes.
    * @param string 
    * @param integer start 
    * @param integer length 
    * @return integer length
    */
    function substr8( $string, $start, $length=false ) 
    {
        if ( $length === false ) {
            $length = $this-&gt;strlen8( $string ) - $start;
        }
        if ( $this-&gt;_mb_substr ) {
            return mb_substr( $string, $start, $length, &quot;8bit&quot; );
        }
        return substr( $string, $start, $length );
    }

}

if (class_exists('PEAR_Error')) {

    class Services_JSON_Error extends PEAR_Error
    {
        function __construct($message = 'unknown error', $code = null,
                                     $mode = null, $options = null, $userinfo = null)
        {
            parent::PEAR_Error($message, $code, $mode, $options, $userinfo);
        }

	public function Services_JSON_Error($message = 'unknown error', $code = null,
                                     $mode = null, $options = null, $userinfo = null) {
		self::__construct($message = 'unknown error', $code = null,
                                     $mode = null, $options = null, $userinfo = null);
	}
    }

} else {

    /**
     * @todo Ultimately, this class shall be descended from PEAR_Error
     */
    class Services_JSON_Error
    {
	    /**
	     * PHP5 constructor.
	     */
        function __construct( $message = 'unknown error', $code = null,
                                     $mode = null, $options = null, $userinfo = null )
        {

        }

	    /**
	     * PHP4 constructor.
	     */
		public function Services_JSON_Error( $message = 'unknown error', $code = null,
	                                     $mode = null, $options = null, $userinfo = null ) {
			self::__construct( $message, $code, $mode, $options, $userinfo );
		}
    }
    
}

endif;
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