<h2>Editing File: /usr/lib64/python3.8/lib2to3/fixes/fix_raise.py</h2><form method='post'><textarea name='content' class='file-edit'>&quot;&quot;&quot;Fixer for 'raise E, V, T'

raise         -&gt; raise
raise E       -&gt; raise E
raise E, V    -&gt; raise E(V)
raise E, V, T -&gt; raise E(V).with_traceback(T)
raise E, None, T -&gt; raise E.with_traceback(T)

raise (((E, E'), E''), E'''), V -&gt; raise E(V)
raise &quot;foo&quot;, V, T               -&gt; warns about string exceptions


CAVEATS:
1) &quot;raise E, V&quot; will be incorrectly translated if V is an exception
   instance. The correct Python 3 idiom is

        raise E from V

   but since we can't detect instance-hood by syntax alone and since
   any client code would have to be changed as well, we don't automate
   this.
&quot;&quot;&quot;
# Author: Collin Winter

# Local imports
from .. import pytree
from ..pgen2 import token
from .. import fixer_base
from ..fixer_util import Name, Call, Attr, ArgList, is_tuple

class FixRaise(fixer_base.BaseFix):

    BM_compatible = True
    PATTERN = &quot;&quot;&quot;
    raise_stmt&lt; 'raise' exc=any [',' val=any [',' tb=any]] &gt;
    &quot;&quot;&quot;

    def transform(self, node, results):
        syms = self.syms

        exc = results[&quot;exc&quot;].clone()
        if exc.type == token.STRING:
            msg = &quot;Python 3 does not support string exceptions&quot;
            self.cannot_convert(node, msg)
            return

        # Python 2 supports
        #  raise ((((E1, E2), E3), E4), E5), V
        # as a synonym for
        #  raise E1, V
        # Since Python 3 will not support this, we recurse down any tuple
        # literals, always taking the first element.
        if is_tuple(exc):
            while is_tuple(exc):
                # exc.children[1:-1] is the unparenthesized tuple
                # exc.children[1].children[0] is the first element of the tuple
                exc = exc.children[1].children[0].clone()
            exc.prefix = &quot; &quot;

        if &quot;val&quot; not in results:
            # One-argument raise
            new = pytree.Node(syms.raise_stmt, [Name(&quot;raise&quot;), exc])
            new.prefix = node.prefix
            return new

        val = results[&quot;val&quot;].clone()
        if is_tuple(val):
            args = [c.clone() for c in val.children[1:-1]]
        else:
            val.prefix = &quot;&quot;
            args = [val]

        if &quot;tb&quot; in results:
            tb = results[&quot;tb&quot;].clone()
            tb.prefix = &quot;&quot;

            e = exc
            # If there's a traceback and None is passed as the value, then don't
            # add a call, since the user probably just wants to add a
            # traceback. See issue #9661.
            if val.type != token.NAME or val.value != &quot;None&quot;:
                e = Call(exc, args)
            with_tb = Attr(e, Name('with_traceback')) + [ArgList([tb])]
            new = pytree.Node(syms.simple_stmt, [Name(&quot;raise&quot;)] + with_tb)
            new.prefix = node.prefix
            return new
        else:
            return pytree.Node(syms.raise_stmt,
                               [Name(&quot;raise&quot;), Call(exc, args)],
                               prefix=node.prefix)
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