<h2>Editing File: /opt/rh/gcc-toolset-11/root/usr/share/systemtap/examples/keyword-index.txt</h2><form method='post'><textarea name='content' class='file-edit'>SYSTEMTAP EXAMPLES INDEX BY KEYWORD
(see also index.txt)


For systemtap version 4.5.

= _BEST =

general/helloworld.stp - SystemTap &quot;Hello World&quot; Program
keywords: _best simple bpf

  A basic &quot;Hello World&quot; program implemented in SystemTap script. It
  prints out &quot;hello world&quot; message and then immediately exits.

  # stap helloworld.stp


general/para-callgraph.stp - Callgraph Tracing with Arguments
keywords: _best trace callgraph

  Print a timed per-thread microsecond-timed callgraph, complete with
  function parameters and return values.  The first parameter names the
  function probe points to trace.  The optional second parameter names
  the probe points for trigger functions, which acts to enable tracing
  for only those functions that occur while the current thread is
  nested within the trigger.

  # stap para-callgraph.stp 'kernel.function(&quot;*@fs/proc*.c&quot;)' \
  'kernel.function(&quot;vfs_read&quot;)' -c &quot;cat /proc/sys/vm/* || true&quot;


general/varwatch.stp - Watch a Variable Changing Value in a Thread
keywords: _best monitoring

  This script places a set of probes (specified by $1), each of which
  monitors the state of some context $variable expression (specified by
  $2).	Whenever the value changes, with respect to the active thread,
  the event is traced.

  # stap -w varwatch.stp 'kernel.statement(&quot;do_sys_open@fs/open.c:*&quot;)' \
  '$$vars' -T 1


general/whythefail.stp - Why did the function fail?
keywords: speculation monitoring function trace _best

  The whythefail.stp script prints a statement-execution trace for a
  given function, but only for those runs of the function that ended up
  with a (configurable) post-return condition.

  # stap whythefail.stp kernel do_sys_open '$return &lt; 0' -c 'cat \
  /root/no-such-file || true'


network/netfilter_summary.stp - System-Wide Count of Network Packets by IPs
keywords: _best network traffic

  The script watches all IPv4 network traffic on the system. On exit
  the script prints a list showing the number of packets sent along
  source IP address / destination IP address pair encountered, and the
  total number of bytes sent among the pair. The list is ordered from
  greatest to least number of packets seen among the source/destination
  pairs.

  # stap netfilter_summary.stp -T 1


network/netfilter_summary_json.stp - System-Wide Count of Network Packets by IPs
keywords: _best network traffic json

  The script watches all IPv4 network traffic on the system. The data
  is output in JSON format and includes the number of packets sent
  along source IP address / destination IP address pair encountered,
  and the total number of bytes sent among the pair.

  # stap netfilter_summary_json.stp -T 1


process/cycle_thief.stp - Track IRQ's and Other Processes Stealing Cycles from a Task
keywords: _best process scheduler time tracepoint interrupt

  The cycle_thief.stp script instruments the scheduler and IRQ handler
  to determine which processes and interrupts are competing with the
  specified task for the cpu cycles. This script uses the '-c' or '-x'
  options to focus on a specific task. The script output the number of
  times the task migrates between processors, histograms showing the
  length of time on and off processor, lists of processes running while
  the task is off the processor, and the interrupts that occurred while
  the task was running.

  # stap cycle_thief.stp -T 1


process/proctop.stp - Periodically Print Process Information With History
keywords: process scheduler _best

  Every 5 seconds, print out a list of 25 processes that took the most
  system time with information about the processes. Includes
  information on processes that may have exited while the script was
  running. The script contains configuration options listed in the
  script source.

  # stap proctop.stp -T 1


process/strace.stp - Trace system calls
keywords: _best process syscall

  The script loosely emulates strace, when applied to individual
  processes or hierarchies (via -c/-x), or the entire system (without
  -c/-x).  A few output configuration parameters may be set with -G.

  # stap strace.stp -c &quot;cat /proc/sys/vm/* || true&quot;


process/thread-business.stp - monitor syscall history
keywords: _best process syscall

  Prints a periodic tabular report about the counts of syscall activity
  of all threads on the system, along with a textual
  recent-syscall-history for each

  # stap thread-business.stp -T 10


profiling/fntimes.stp - Show Functions Taking Longer Than Usual
keywords: _best profiling

  The fntimes.stp script monitors the execution time history of a given
  function family (assumed non-recursive).  Each time (beyond a warmup
  interval) is then compared to the historical maximum.  If it exceeds
  a certain threshold (250%), a message is printed.

  # stap fntimes.stp 'kernel.function(&quot;sys_*&quot;)' -T 7


profiling/latencytap.stp - Show Reasons and Durations for Processes Sleeping
keywords: _best profiling

  The latencytap.stp script collects data on the intervals processes
  are deactivated (sleeping).  The script categorizes the reasons for
  the sleeps by analyzing the backtraces and displays a sorted list of
  the top 20 causes from largest total sum time sleeping to smallest.
  The output is updated every 30 seconds. The script needs to be
  compiled with the '--all-modules' option to produce reasons for
  sleeps caused by modules.  Optionally, this script can be used with
  the '-c' or '-x' options to focus on a specific PID.

  # stap latencytap.stp --all-modules -T 1


profiling/linetimes.stp - Show Time Spent on Each Line of a Function
keywords: profiling _best

  The linetimes.stp script takes two arguments: where to find the
  function and the function name. linetimes.stp will instrument each
  line in the function. It will print out the number of times that the
  function is called, a table with the average and maximum time each
  line takes, and control flow information when the script exits.

  # stap linetimes.stp kernel do_nanosleep -T 1


profiling/pf4.stp - Profile Kernel/User Backtraces
keywords: _best profiling backtrace

  The pf4.stp script sets up time-based sampling. Every five seconds it
  prints out a sorted list with the top twenty kernel and/or user stack
  backtraces (on a per-cpu basis).  Use any of --ldd, --all-modules, -d
  MODULE, -d /PATH/TO/EXEC to add more symbolic info.

  # stap pf4.stp -T 6 --all-modules --ldd


profiling/thread-times.stp - Profile Kernel Functions
keywords: _best profiling

  The thread-times.stp script sets up time-based sampling.  Every five
  seconds it prints out a sorted list with the top twenty threads
  occupying the CPUs, broken down as a percentage of user and kernel
  time.

  # stap thread-times.stp -T 1


stapgames/2048.stp - 2048
keywords: _best stapgames

  The modern classic 2048 sliding-tiles game, using local keyboard and
  ansi animation.

  # stap -p4 2048.stp


virtualization/kvm_service_time.stp - Time Statistics on KVM Exit Reasons
keywords: _best virtualization kvm

  The kvm_service_time.stp script tracks the statistics about the
  amount of time that the processor left the guest virtual machine for
  each exit reason (for example fixing up a page table or handling an
  IO operation).  When the script exits it prints out the number of
  times each exit reason was encountered, the total duration of time it
  left the guest VM, the minimum time, the average time, and the
  maximum time in microseconds for that exit reason. On Linux 2.6.38
  and newer kernel the script can automatically determine whether it is
  running on Intel or AMD processors. For older kernels with a
  kernel.trace(&quot;kvm_exit&quot;) tracepoint that does not have the $isa
  parameter you can explicitly state the kvm type with a &quot;-G kvm=intel&quot;
  or &quot;-G kvm=amd&quot; on the command line.

  # stap kvm_service_time.stp -T 1


= APPLICATION =

apps/libguestfs_log.stp - Trace libguestfs startup
keywords: application trace bpf

  The libguestfs_log.stp script prints a log of when various
  libgueststartup steps are encountered.   The first column is
  microseconds since the script started.  The second column is the time
  elapsed in microseconds between the previous and current events and
  the third column is the event name.

  # stap libguestfs_log.stp -T 1


apps/stap_time.stp - Provide elapsed times for Passes of SystemTap script compilation
keywords: application trace

  SystemTap has multiple passes to convert the text of a SystemTap
  script into instrumentation that actually collect data on the system.
   The stap_time.stp script uses the markers in SystemTap to note the
  amount of time that each of the passes requires.  When SystemTap
  completes pass 4 (compiling the instrumentation into a kernel module)
  the script print out the script name followed by the amount of time
  in milliseconds required for Pass 0 (command line option parsing),
  Pass 1 (script parsing), Pass 2 (elaboration), Pass 3 (code
  generation), and Pass 4 (module compilation).  The resulting data can
  be analyzed to determine if there are issues with the amount of time
  that systemtap takes to generate instrumentation.

  # stap stap_time.stp -T 1


= BACKTRACE =

general/watchdog.stp - Watchdog Timer for Arbitrary Events
keywords: watchdog backtrace

  The watchdog.stp script provides a watchdog timer mechanism for
  arbitrary events. The script takes three arguments: the events to
  start watchdog timer, the event to stop the watchdog timer, and the
  time in millseconds for the watchdog. If the watchdog timer is
  exceed, the script will trigger a stack backtrace of the user-process
  that timed out using pstack. This script can be used to diagnose what
  the userspace application is doing when a slower than expected
  operation occurs.

  # stap watchdog.stp 'syscall.nanosleep' 'syscall.nanosleep.return' 1000 \
  -T 1


interrupt/scf.stp - Tally Backtraces for Inter-Processor Interrupt
keywords: interrupt backtrace

  The Linux kernel function smp_call_function causes expensive
  inter-processor interrupts (IPIs). The scf.stp script tallies the
  processes and backtraces causing the interprocessor interrupts to
  identify the cause of the expensive IPI. On exit the script prints
  the tallies in descending frequency.

  # stap scf.stp -T 1


io/io_submit.stp - Tally Reschedule Reason During AIO io_submit Call
keywords: io backtrace

  When a reschedule occurs during an AIO io_submit call, accumulate the
  traceback in a histogram. When the script exits prints out a sorted
  list from most common to least common backtrace.

  # stap io_submit.stp -T 1


memory/last_100_frees.stp - Log recent free(3) calls.
keywords: memory process backtrace

  This script reports on the last few free(3) libc calls done by
  processes (possibly restricted by stap -x/-c), along with a userspace
  backtrace at those moments.

  # stap last_100_frees.stp -c &quot;stap -V&quot; -d `which stap` --ldd


process/auditbt.stp - Generate backtraces for kernel audit events
keywords: monitoring security backtrace

  Attaches to the kernel audit-log paths (also used by libaudit), and
  log every record being sent, along with a user-space backtrace of the
  process that caused it.

  # stap auditbt.stp -d /usr/bin/sudo --ldd -c &quot;sudo true&quot;


process/pstrace_exec.stp - Print trace of process ancestors for matching exec commands
keywords: process backtrace

  The pstrace_exec.stp script watches each exec operation. If the exec
  contains a substring that matches the script's command-line argument,
  it prints out that process and all of its ancestors.

  # stap pstrace_exec.stp -T 1 bash


process/sleepingBeauties.stp - Generate Backtraces of Threads Waiting for IO Operations
keywords: io scheduler backtrace

  The script monitors the time that threads spend in waiting for IO
  operations (in &quot;D&quot; state) in the wait_for_completion function.  If a
  thread spends over 10ms, its name and backtrace is printed, and later
  so is the total delay.

  # stap sleepingBeauties.stp -T 1


profiling/pf4.stp - Profile Kernel/User Backtraces
keywords: _best profiling backtrace

  The pf4.stp script sets up time-based sampling. Every five seconds it
  prints out a sorted list with the top twenty kernel and/or user stack
  backtraces (on a per-cpu basis).  Use any of --ldd, --all-modules, -d
  MODULE, -d /PATH/TO/EXEC to add more symbolic info.

  # stap pf4.stp -T 6 --all-modules --ldd


= BPF =

apps/libguestfs_log.stp - Trace libguestfs startup
keywords: application trace bpf

  The libguestfs_log.stp script prints a log of when various
  libgueststartup steps are encountered.   The first column is
  microseconds since the script started.  The second column is the time
  elapsed in microseconds between the previous and current events and
  the third column is the event name.

  # stap libguestfs_log.stp -T 1


general/ansi_colors.stp - Color Table for ansi_set_color()
keywords: format bpf

  The script prints a table showing the available color combinations
  for the ansi_set_color() function in the ansi.stp tapset.

  # stap ansi_colors.stp


general/ansi_colors2.stp - Show Attribues in Table for ansi_set_color()
keywords: format bpf

  The script prints a table showing the available attributes (bold,
  underline, and inverse) with color combinations for the
  ans_set_color() function in the ansi.stp tapset.

  # stap ansi_colors2.stp


general/helloworld.stp - SystemTap &quot;Hello World&quot; Program
keywords: _best simple bpf

  A basic &quot;Hello World&quot; program implemented in SystemTap script. It
  prints out &quot;hello world&quot; message and then immediately exits.

  # stap helloworld.stp


general/sizeof.stp - Print the Size of a C Type
keywords: statistics memory bpf

  This script prints the size of a type, based on dwarf debuginfo for
  any kernel or userspace module, or trial-compilation of a given
  header file name.

  # stap sizeof.stp FILE '&lt;/usr/include/stdio.h&gt;'


memory/cachestat.stp - Count Page Cache Hits and Misses
keywords: memory bpf

  Monitors hits and misses to the page cache and reports a count every
  5 seconds. Based on a bpftrace tool by David Valin.

  # stap cachestat.stp -T 1


memory/mmfilepage.stp - Track Virtual Memory System Actions on File Backed Pages
keywords: memory bpf

  The mmfilepage.stp script uses the virtual memory tracepoints
  available in some kernels to track the number of faults, copy on
  writes mapping, and unmapping operations for file backed pages. When
  the script is terminated the counts are printed for each process that
  allocated pages while the script was running. The mmfilepage.stp
  script is useful in debugging leaks in the mapped file regions of a
  process.

  # stap mmfilepage.stp -T 1


memory/mmwriteback.stp - Track Virtual Memory System Writing to Disk
keywords: memory bpf

  The mmwriteback.stp script uses the virtual memory tracepoints
  available in some kernels to report all of the file writebacks that
  occur form kupdate, pdflush and kjournald while the script is
  running.  It's useful in determining where writes are coming from on
  a supposedly idle system that is experiencing unexpected IO.

  # stap mmwriteback.stp -T 1


network/sk_stream_wait_memory.stp - Track Start and Stop of Processes Due to Network Buffer Space
keywords: network tcp process bpf

  The sk_stream-wait_memory.stp prints a time stamp, executable, and
  pid each time a process blocks due to the send buffer being full. A
  similar entry is printed each time a process continues because there
  is room in the buffer.

  # stap sk_stream_wait_memory.stp -T 1


profiling/syscallsrw.stp - Provide a tally of read and write syscalls run on the system 
keywords: prometheus syscall bpf

  The syscallsrw.stp script tallies the read and write syscalls. This
  is a demo script for stapbpf prometheus-exporter scripts.


= CALLGRAPH =

general/callgraph.stp - Callgraph Tracing
keywords: simple trace callgraph

  Print a timed per-thread microsecond-timed nested callgraph.	The
  first parameter names the function probe points to trace.

  # stap callgraph.stp 'kernel.function(&quot;*@fs/proc*.c&quot;)' -c &quot;cat \
  /proc/sys/vm/* || true&quot;


general/para-callgraph-verbose.stp - Callgraph Tracing with Verbose Arguments
keywords: trace callgraph

  Print a timed per-thread microsecond-timed callgraph, complete with
  pretty-printed function parameters and return values.  The first
  parameter names the function probe points to trace.  The optional
  second parameter names the probe points for trigger functions, which
  acts to enable tracing for only those functions that occur while the
  current thread is nested within the trigger.

  # stap para-callgraph-verbose.stp 'kernel.function(&quot;*@fs/proc*.c&quot;)' \
  'kernel.function(&quot;vfs_read&quot;)' -c &quot;cat /proc/sys/vm/* || true&quot;


general/para-callgraph.stp - Callgraph Tracing with Arguments
keywords: _best trace callgraph

  Print a timed per-thread microsecond-timed callgraph, complete with
  function parameters and return values.  The first parameter names the
  function probe points to trace.  The optional second parameter names
  the probe points for trigger functions, which acts to enable tracing
  for only those functions that occur while the current thread is
  nested within the trigger.

  # stap para-callgraph.stp 'kernel.function(&quot;*@fs/proc*.c&quot;)' \
  'kernel.function(&quot;vfs_read&quot;)' -c &quot;cat /proc/sys/vm/* || true&quot;


general/tcl-trace.stp - Callgraph Tracing of Tcl code
keywords: callgraph

  Print a timed per-thread microsecond-timed callgraph of executing Tcl
  code.

  # stap tcl-trace.stp -T 5


= CONTAINER =

profiling/container_check.stp - Monitor capabilities and syscalls used by a process and it children
keywords: profiling container syscall

  The container_check.stp script monitors the use of linux capablities
  and optionally forbidden syscalls by a process and its children.  On
  exit the script prints out lists showing the capabilies used by each
  executable, which syscall used specific capabilites for each
  executable, a list of forbidden syscalls used, and details on any
  syscalls that failed during monitoring.  This script is designed to
  help diagnose issues caused by restricted capabilies and syscalls
  when running an application in a container.  If the script warns
  about skipped probes, the number of active kretprobes may need to be
  increased with &quot;-DKRETACTIVE=100&quot; option on the command line

  # stap container_check.stp -c &quot;ping -c 1 sourceware.org || true&quot;


= DIAGRAM =

process/pstree.stp - Generates a process diagram in DOT form.
keywords: process diagram

  The pstree.stp script generates a process diagram in DOT form.  For
  instance, it may be useful on a 'make' command to see all the
  processes that are started.

  # stap pstree.stp -T 1


= DISK =

io/deviceseeks.stp - Histograms of Seek Behavior for Each Device
keywords: disk

  The deviceseeks.stp script generates a periodic histogram showing the
  frequency of different sized seeks (in sectors) on each device, or
  optional given device-name regexp

  # stap deviceseeks.stp -T 1 sda


io/disktop.stp - Summarize Disk Read/Write Traffic
keywords: disk

  Get the status of reading/writing disk every 5 seconds, output top
  ten entries during that period.

  # stap disktop.stp -T 1


io/enospc.stp - Report an disk out-of-space condition.
keywords: disk filesystem

  This script monitors a filesystem implementations for early internal
  indications of ENOSPC, and reports these to the system logger and the
  systemtap console.

  # stap enospc.stp -T 1


io/mbrwatch.stp - Monitor Read/Write of the Boot Sector Area of Block Devices
keywords: io monitoring disk simple

   The mbrwatch.stp script reports any attempted reads/writes of the
  first few sectors of a raw block device.

  # stap mbrwatch.stp -c &quot;dd of=/dev/null count=1 if=/dev/`grep -v major \
  /proc/partitions | grep . | grep -v 'sr[0-9]' | awk '{print $4}' | \
  head -1`&quot;


network/nfsd_unlink.stp - Find Which Client Is Removing NFS Files on Server
keywords: nfs disk

  The nfsd_unlink.stp script lists the ip address and file name each
  time time a file is being removed or unlinked by the nfsd. This
  script is run on the nfs server.

  # stap nfsd_unlink.stp -T 1


= DYNINST =

apps/php-trace.stp - Tracing of PHP code execution
keywords: trace dyninst

  Trace of executing PHP code using the enabled markers.

  # stap php-trace.stp -c 'php -f hello.php'


= FILE =

io/iotime.stp - Trace Time Spent in Read and Write for Files 
keywords: profiling syscall io file

  The script watches each open, close, read, and write syscalls on the
  system. For each file the scripts observes opened it accumulates the
  amount of wall clock time spent in read and write operations and the
  number of bytes read and written. When a file is closed the script
  prints out a pair of lines for the file. Both lines begin with a
  timestamp in microseconds, the PID number, and the executable name in
  parentheses. The first line with the &quot;access&quot; keyword lists the file
  name, the attempted number of bytes for the read and write
  operations. The second line with the &quot;iotime&quot; keyword list the file
  name and the number of microseconds accumulated in the read and write
  syscalls.

  # stap iotime.stp -T 1


process/pfiles.stp - Print Process File Descriptors
keywords: process file

  Run pfiles.stp to produce a human-readable summary of all open file
  descriptors of a given process.  Specify the process-id as -x PID for
  fastest performance.

  # stap -g pfiles.stp -x $$


= FILESYSTEM =

general/badname.stp - Bad Filename Filter
keywords: filesystem guru

  The badname.stp script shows how one could prevent the creation of
  files with undesirable names using guru mode.

  # stap -g badname.stp -c &quot;touch /tmp/myXXXbadnameXXXfile.$$ 2&gt;&amp;1 | grep \
  denied&quot;


io/enospc.stp - Report an disk out-of-space condition.
keywords: disk filesystem

  This script monitors a filesystem implementations for early internal
  indications of ENOSPC, and reports these to the system logger and the
  systemtap console.

  # stap enospc.stp -T 1


lwtools/fslatency-nd.stp - Measure the distribution of file system synchronous read and write latency (non-debuginfo)
keywords: io filesystem

  This dynamically traces two common file system functions:
  do_sync_read() and do_sync_write(), and reports a histogram
  distribution of latency. Many, but not all, file systems and
  workloads use these functions. Tracing their time provides one view
  of suffered file system latency.

  # stap fslatency-nd.stp 1 1


lwtools/fsslower-nd.stp - Trace slow file system synchronous reads and writes (non-debuginfo)
keywords: io filesystem

  This dynamically traces two common file system functions:
  do_sync_read() and do_sync_write(), and shows details of each call
  that is slower than a threshold. Many, but not all, file systems and
  workloads use these functions. Tracing their time provides one view
  of suffered file system latency.

  # stap fsslower-nd.stp -T 1


= FLOATINGPOINT =

general/floatingpoint.stp - SystemTap &quot;Floating Point&quot; Program
keywords: simple floatingpoint

  A basic &quot;Floating Point&quot; program implemented in SystemTap script. It
  extracts floating point from benchmark-sdt section in main.cxx and
  takes one pseudo floating point, printing out results of various
  simple floating point operations.

  # stap floatingpoint.stp -c &quot;stap --benchmark-sdt&quot;


= FORMAT =

general/ansi_colors.stp - Color Table for ansi_set_color()
keywords: format bpf

  The script prints a table showing the available color combinations
  for the ansi_set_color() function in the ansi.stp tapset.

  # stap ansi_colors.stp


general/ansi_colors2.stp - Show Attribues in Table for ansi_set_color()
keywords: format bpf

  The script prints a table showing the available attributes (bold,
  underline, and inverse) with color combinations for the
  ans_set_color() function in the ansi.stp tapset.

  # stap ansi_colors2.stp


= FUNCTION =

general/func_time_stats.stp - Function Time Statistics
keywords: function statistics

  The func_time_stats.stp script tracks the wall clock time for each
  invocation of the function probe listed as the first command line
  argument. When the script exits it prints out the minimum, average,
  and maximum times in microseconds followed by a count of times that
  the function was called and a histogram showing the distributions of
  times.

  # stap func_time_stats.stp 'syscall.read' -T 1


general/whythefail.stp - Why did the function fail?
keywords: speculation monitoring function trace _best

  The whythefail.stp script prints a statement-execution trace for a
  given function, but only for those runs of the function that ended up
  with a (configurable) post-return condition.

  # stap whythefail.stp kernel do_sys_open '$return &lt; 0' -c 'cat \
  /root/no-such-file || true'


profiling/functioncallcount.stp - Count Times Functions Are Called
keywords: profiling function

  The functioncallcount.stp script takes one argument, a list of
  functions to probe. The script will run and count the number of times
  that each of the functions on the list is called. On exit the script
  will print a sorted list from most frequently to least frequently
  called function.

  # stap -w functioncallcount.stp &quot;*@mm/*.c&quot; -T 1


profiling/sched_switch.stp - Display the Task Switches Happening in the Scheduler
keywords: profiling function

  The sched_switch.stp script takes two arguments, first argument can
  be &quot;pid&quot; or &quot;name&quot; to indicate what is being passed as second
  argument. The script will trace the process based on pid/name and
  print the scheduler switches happening with the process. If no
  arguments are passed, it displays all the scheduler switches. This
  can be used to understand which tasks schedule out the current
  process being traced, and when it gets scheduled in again.

  # stap  sched_switch.stp -T 1


= FUTEX =

process/futexes.stp - System-Wide Futex Contention
keywords: syscall locking futex

  The script watches the futex syscall on the system. On exit the
  futex's address, the number of contentions, and the average time for
  each contention on the futex are printed from lowest pid number to
  highest.

  # stap futexes.stp -T 1


process/futexes2.stp - System-Wide Shared Futex Contention
keywords: syscall locking futex

  The script watches just shared futex syscalls on the system. On exit
  the futex's key, the number of contentions, and the average time for
  each contention on the futex are printed from lowest pid number to
  highest.

  # stap futexes2.stp -T 1


= GURU =

general/badname.stp - Bad Filename Filter
keywords: filesystem guru

  The badname.stp script shows how one could prevent the creation of
  files with undesirable names using guru mode.

  # stap -g badname.stp -c &quot;touch /tmp/myXXXbadnameXXXfile.$$ 2&gt;&amp;1 | grep \
  denied&quot;


general/keyhack.stp - Hack the keyboard
keywords: simple guru

  This script makes it appear that one's keyboard is broken, by
  changing keycodes at the kernel device driver level.	Annoy your
  friends!

  # stap -g keyhack.stp -c 'sleep 5'


io/eatmydata.stp - disable fsync
keywords: io guru simple

  Suppresses fsync() syscalls from processes identified by stap -c/-x
  by turning them into presumed-faster fsync() on some dummy or other
  file descriptor

  # stap -g eatmydata.stp -c 'strace ls || true'


io/ttyspy.stp - Monitor TTY Typing
keywords: io tty monitoring guru

  The ttyspy.stp script uses tty_audit hooks to monitor recent typing
  activity on the system, printing a scrolling record of recent
  keystrokes, on a per-tty basis.

  # stap --skip-badvars -g ttyspy.stp -T 1


network/netfilter_drop.stp - System-Wide Network Packet Dropping Tool
keywords: network packets guru

  The script drops the specified number of packets of the specified
  protocol. Valid protocols are TCP, UDP, or ALL. If ALL is specified,
  all incoming packets are dropped. The number of packets to drop can
  be specified with a positive integer. A value of 0 indicates that
  packets should be dropped until the user manually exits.

  # stap -g netfilter_drop.stp TCP 1 -T 2


network/tcp_init_cwnd.stp - Increase Initial TCP Congestion Window to 10
keywords: network tcp socket guru

  Run the tcp_init_cwnd.stp script in the background to override a
  kernel's default tcp cwnd value to 10, which has been found to
  improve latency for web server type workloads.  The script prints a
  count of cwnd value changes when it is stopped.

  # stap -g tcp_init_cwnd.stp -T 1


process/noptrace.stp - Disable ptrace from Hierarchies of Processes
keywords: process security guru

  Blocks ptrace(2) attempts from processes identified by stap -c/-x, as
  also specifiable from /proc/systemtap/stap_XXX/ control files. 
  Processes may be added or removed from the blocked list.

  # stap -g noptrace.stp -c 'strace ls || true'


process/threadstacks.stp - Override default new-pthread stack sizes
keywords: thread guru

  Overrides default NPTL pthread_create stack size for all new threads
  created by target processes.	Reports one line per process when the
  related glibc variable __default_stacksize is updated.  Moot for
  glibc versions that support $LIBC_PTHREAD_DEFAULT_STACKSIZE_NP.

  # stap -g threadstacks.stp -Gsize=65536 -T 1 -d `which stap`


security-band-aids/cve-2008-0600.stp - cve-2008-0600 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2011-4127.stp - cve-2011-4127 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2012-0056.stp - cve-2012-0056 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2013-2094.stp - cve-2013-2094 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2014-7169.stp - cve-2014-7169 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2015-0235.stp - cve-2015-0235 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2015-3456.stp - cve-2015-3456 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2015-7547.stp - cve-2015-7547 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2016-0728.stp - cve-2016-0728 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2016-5195.stp - cve-2016-5195 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2017-6074.stp - cve-2017-6074 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2018-1000001.stp - cve-2018-1000001 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2018-14634.stp - cve-2018-14634 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2018-6485.stp - cve-2018-6485 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


= INTERACTIVE =

general/eventcount.stp - Interactive Count Specified Events
keywords: interactive statistics thread process

  The script periodically prints a count of specified events and their
  related tid's over the course of execution. Numerous configuration
  options exist to control filtering / reporting, some of which can be
  modified at runtime. See the script source for more information.

  # stap eventcount.stp 'syscall_any' -c 'sleep 3'


general/sizeof_interactive.stp - Interactive Print the Size of a C Type
keywords: statistics memory interactive

  This script prints the size of a type, based on dwarf debuginfo for
  any kernel or userspace module, or trial-compilation of a given
  header file name. Types and corresponding locations are provided to
  the script at runtime via keyboard input. The format of the input is
  identical to that of sizeof.stp (see script source for more
  information). Types and locations can be repeatedly given until the
  process is terminated. 

  # echo &quot;FILE '&lt;/usr/include/stdio.h&gt;'&quot; | stap sizeof_interactive.stp -T 1


= INTERRUPT =

interrupt/interrupts-by-dev.stp - Record Interrupts on a Per-Device Basis
keywords: interrupt

  The interrupts-by-dev.stp script profiles interrupts received by each
  device per 100 ms.

  # stap interrupts-by-dev.stp -T 1


interrupt/scf.stp - Tally Backtraces for Inter-Processor Interrupt
keywords: interrupt backtrace

  The Linux kernel function smp_call_function causes expensive
  inter-processor interrupts (IPIs). The scf.stp script tallies the
  processes and backtraces causing the interprocessor interrupts to
  identify the cause of the expensive IPI. On exit the script prints
  the tallies in descending frequency.

  # stap scf.stp -T 1


process/cycle_thief.stp - Track IRQ's and Other Processes Stealing Cycles from a Task
keywords: _best process scheduler time tracepoint interrupt

  The cycle_thief.stp script instruments the scheduler and IRQ handler
  to determine which processes and interrupts are competing with the
  specified task for the cpu cycles. This script uses the '-c' or '-x'
  options to focus on a specific task. The script output the number of
  times the task migrates between processors, histograms showing the
  length of time on and off processor, lists of processes running while
  the task is off the processor, and the interrupts that occurred while
  the task was running.

  # stap cycle_thief.stp -T 1


= IO =

general/alias_suffixes.stp - Count I/O Syscalls using Alias Suffixes
keywords: io statistics

  alias_suffixes.stp is a demonstration of how alias suffixes in the
  systemtap language might be used. The script tracks the wall clock
  time for each invocation of the system calls open, close, read, and
  write. When the script exists it prints out the minimum, average, and
  maximum times in microseconds for each system call, followed by a
  count of times that each syscall was invoked and a histogram showing
  the distributions of times.

  # stap alias_suffixes.stp -T 1


io/capture_ssl_master_secrets.stp - Capture SSL/TLS master secrets from gnutls and openssl users
keywords: io monitoring

  Capture SSL/TLS master secrets from gnutls and openssl users for easy
  traffic decryption

  # stap capture_ssl_master_secrets.stp -c 'sleep 3'


io/eatmydata.stp - disable fsync
keywords: io guru simple

  Suppresses fsync() syscalls from processes identified by stap -c/-x
  by turning them into presumed-faster fsync() on some dummy or other
  file descriptor

  # stap -g eatmydata.stp -c 'strace ls || true'


io/inodewatch.stp - Monitoring Reads and Writes to a File
keywords: io

   The inodewatch.stp outputs the executable name and process id each
  time a read or write occurs to the specified inode on the specified
  major/minor device.

  # stap inodewatch.stp 0x08 0x01 100 -T 1


io/inodewatch2.stp - Monitoring Attribute Changes to a File
keywords: io

   The inodewatch2.stp script outputs the executable name, process id,
  and attributes each time the attributes are changed on the specified
  inode on the specified major/minor device.

  # stap inodewatch2.stp 0x08 0x01 100 -T 1


io/io_submit.stp - Tally Reschedule Reason During AIO io_submit Call
keywords: io backtrace

  When a reschedule occurs during an AIO io_submit call, accumulate the
  traceback in a histogram. When the script exits prints out a sorted
  list from most common to least common backtrace.

  # stap io_submit.stp -T 1


io/ioblktime.stp - Average Time Block IO Requests Spend in Queue 
keywords: io

  The ioblktime.stp script tracks the amount of time that each block IO
  requests spend waiting for completion. The script computes the
  average waiting time for block IO per device and prints list every 10
  seconds. In some cases there can be too many outstanding block IO
  operations and the script may exceed the default number of
  MAXMAPENTRIES allowed. In this case the allowed number can be
  increased with &quot;-DMAXMAPENTRIES=10000&quot; option on the stap command
  line.

  # stap ioblktime.stp -T 1


io/iodevstats.stp - List Executables Reading and Writing the Most Data by Device
keywords: io profiling

   The iodevstats.stp script measures the amount of data successfully
  read and written by all the executables for each io device on the
  system.  The output is sorted from greatest sum of bytes read and
  written to a device by an executable to the least. The output
  contains device major/minor number, the count of operations (reads
  and writes), the totals and averages for the number of bytes read and
  written.

  # stap iodevstats.stp -T 1


io/iostat-scsi.stp - IO Statistics for SCSI Devices
keywords: io profiling scsi

  The iostat-scsi.stp script provides a breakdown of the number of blks
  read and written on the machine's various SCSI devices. The script
  takes one argument which is the number of seconds between reports.

  # stap -g iostat-scsi.stp 1 -T 1


io/iostats.stp - List Executables Reading and Writing the Most Data
keywords: io profiling

   The iostat.stp script measures the amount of data successfully read
  and written by all the executables on the system.  The output is
  sorted from most greatest sum of bytes read and written by an
  executable to the least. The output contains	the count of operations
  (opens, reads, and writes), the totals and averages for the number of
  bytes read and written.

  # stap iostats.stp -T 1


io/iotime.stp - Trace Time Spent in Read and Write for Files 
keywords: profiling syscall io file

  The script watches each open, close, read, and write syscalls on the
  system. For each file the scripts observes opened it accumulates the
  amount of wall clock time spent in read and write operations and the
  number of bytes read and written. When a file is closed the script
  prints out a pair of lines for the file. Both lines begin with a
  timestamp in microseconds, the PID number, and the executable name in
  parentheses. The first line with the &quot;access&quot; keyword lists the file
  name, the attempted number of bytes for the read and write
  operations. The second line with the &quot;iotime&quot; keyword list the file
  name and the number of microseconds accumulated in the read and write
  syscalls.

  # stap iotime.stp -T 1


io/iotop.stp - Periodically Print IO Activity by Process Name
keywords: io

  Every five seconds print out the top ten executables generating I/O
  traffic during that interval sorted in descending order.

  # stap iotop.stp -T 1


io/mbrwatch.stp - Monitor Read/Write of the Boot Sector Area of Block Devices
keywords: io monitoring disk simple

   The mbrwatch.stp script reports any attempted reads/writes of the
  first few sectors of a raw block device.

  # stap mbrwatch.stp -c &quot;dd of=/dev/null count=1 if=/dev/`grep -v major \
  /proc/partitions | grep . | grep -v 'sr[0-9]' | awk '{print $4}' | \
  head -1`&quot;


io/nfs_func_users.stp - Tally the Number of NFS Functions Used by Each Process
keywords: io profiling

  The nfs_func_users.stp script counts the uses of NFS functions in the
  kernel on a per process bases.  The output is sorted from the process
  with the greatest number of NFS functions called to the least. The
  output contains the executable name, the process number, and the
  total number of NFS functions called by the process.

  # stap nfs_func_users.stp -T 1


io/slowvfs.stp - Trace slow vfs opens.
keywords: io simple

  This script prints a line for every kernel vfs_open operation that
  takes longer than a configurable number of microseconds.  Highly
  contended or remote filesystems are likelier to hit this.

  # stap slowvfs.stp -G sloth=10 -c 'find /proc &gt;/dev/null || true'


io/switchfile.stp - Switch log files
keywords: io

  Every second print a log message and switch log files every 5
  seconds.

  # stap -o /tmp/switchfile.stp.out switchfile.stp -T 8


io/traceio.stp - Track Cumulative IO Activity by Process Name
keywords: io

  Every second print out the top ten executables sorted in descending
  order based on cumulative I/O traffic observed.

  # stap traceio.stp -T 1


io/traceio2.stp - Watch IO Activity on a Particular Device
keywords: io

  Print out the executable name and process number as reads and writes
  to the specified device occur.

  # stap traceio2.stp 0x0801 -T 1


io/ttyspy.stp - Monitor TTY Typing
keywords: io tty monitoring guru

  The ttyspy.stp script uses tty_audit hooks to monitor recent typing
  activity on the system, printing a scrolling record of recent
  keystrokes, on a per-tty basis.

  # stap --skip-badvars -g ttyspy.stp -T 1


lwtools/biolatency-nd.stp - Measure block I/O latency distribution (non-debuginfo)
keywords: io

  This measures block I/O latency (storage I/O, ie, disk I/O), and
  shows the distribution as a histogram. This can be useful to identify
  the characteristics of I/O latency, beyond the averages shown by
  iostat(1). For example, to study I/O latency outliers, or multi-modal
  distributions.

  # stap biolatency-nd.stp 1 1


lwtools/bitesize-nd.stp - Measure block I/O size distribution (non-debuginfo)
keywords: io

  This uses the kernel tracepoint block_rq_insert to read the size of
  I/O. The output includes the name of the process or thread that was
  on-CPU when the I/O request was inserted on the issue queue.

  # stap bitesize-nd.stp -T 1


lwtools/execsnoop-nd.stp - Trace process exec() with command line argument details (non-debuginfo)
keywords: io

  This can identify if CPU is consumed by short-lived processes, by
  tracing new process execution. It works by tracing exec() from the
  fork()-&gt;exec() sequence, which means it will not catch new processes
  that only fork(). It will also show every exec(), including those if
  a process re-execs.

  # stap execsnoop-nd.stp -T 1


lwtools/fslatency-nd.stp - Measure the distribution of file system synchronous read and write latency (non-debuginfo)
keywords: io filesystem

  This dynamically traces two common file system functions:
  do_sync_read() and do_sync_write(), and reports a histogram
  distribution of latency. Many, but not all, file systems and
  workloads use these functions. Tracing their time provides one view
  of suffered file system latency.

  # stap fslatency-nd.stp 1 1


lwtools/fsslower-nd.stp - Trace slow file system synchronous reads and writes (non-debuginfo)
keywords: io filesystem

  This dynamically traces two common file system functions:
  do_sync_read() and do_sync_write(), and shows details of each call
  that is slower than a threshold. Many, but not all, file systems and
  workloads use these functions. Tracing their time provides one view
  of suffered file system latency.

  # stap fsslower-nd.stp -T 1


lwtools/killsnoop-nd.stp - Trace kill() signals showing process and signal details (non-debuginfo)
keywords: io

  This traces signals system-wide, including those sent by the kill(1)
  command, and shows various details.

  # stap killsnoop-nd.stp -T 1


lwtools/opensnoop-nd.stp - Trace open() syscalls showing filenames (non-debuginfo)
keywords: io

  This traces the open() syscall system-wide, to show which files are
  being opened, and by who.

  # stap opensnoop-nd.stp -T 1


lwtools/rwtime-nd.stp - Summarize read() and write() syscall latency (non-debuginfo)
keywords: io

  This traces read() and write() syscalls, producing a histogram
  summary of their durations (aka latencies).

  # stap rwtime-nd.stp -T 1


lwtools/syscallbypid-nd.stp - Count syscalls with process details (non-debuginfo)
keywords: io

  This traces syscalls system-wide, and produces a summary report
  showing their counts by process ID, process name, and syscall types.

  # stap syscallbypid-nd.stp -T 1


process/sleepingBeauties.stp - Generate Backtraces of Threads Waiting for IO Operations
keywords: io scheduler backtrace

  The script monitors the time that threads spend in waiting for IO
  operations (in &quot;D&quot; state) in the wait_for_completion function.  If a
  thread spends over 10ms, its name and backtrace is printed, and later
  so is the total delay.

  # stap sleepingBeauties.stp -T 1


virtualization/qemu_io.stp - Tally the Number of User-Space QEMU IO on Each IO Port
keywords: virtualization qemu kvm io

  The qemu_io.stp script tallies the number of times each of the IO
  port on the guest virtual machines is touched by a input or output
  operation. When the script exits, it prints a count of the number of
  times each IO port read and written.

  # stap qemu_io.stp -T 1


= JSON =

network/net_xmit_json.stp - Tracks time between packet queue and transmit.
keywords: network statistics json

  This script tracks time between packet queue and transmit. The
  information is provided to userspace via procfs in JSON format.

  # stap net_xmit_json.stp -T 1


network/netfilter_summary_json.stp - System-Wide Count of Network Packets by IPs
keywords: _best network traffic json

  The script watches all IPv4 network traffic on the system. The data
  is output in JSON format and includes the number of packets sent
  along source IP address / destination IP address pair encountered,
  and the total number of bytes sent among the pair.

  # stap netfilter_summary_json.stp -T 1


= KVM =

virtualization/kvm_service_time.stp - Time Statistics on KVM Exit Reasons
keywords: _best virtualization kvm

  The kvm_service_time.stp script tracks the statistics about the
  amount of time that the processor left the guest virtual machine for
  each exit reason (for example fixing up a page table or handling an
  IO operation).  When the script exits it prints out the number of
  times each exit reason was encountered, the total duration of time it
  left the guest VM, the minimum time, the average time, and the
  maximum time in microseconds for that exit reason. On Linux 2.6.38
  and newer kernel the script can automatically determine whether it is
  running on Intel or AMD processors. For older kernels with a
  kernel.trace(&quot;kvm_exit&quot;) tracepoint that does not have the $isa
  parameter you can explicitly state the kvm type with a &quot;-G kvm=intel&quot;
  or &quot;-G kvm=amd&quot; on the command line.

  # stap kvm_service_time.stp -T 1


virtualization/qemu_count.stp - Tally the Number of User-Space QEMU Events
keywords: virtualization qemu kvm

  The qemu_count.stp script tallies the number of times each of the
  user-space qemu probepoints is encountered. When the script exits, it
  prints a list of the number of times each user-space qemu probepoint
  is encountered.

  # stap qemu_count.stp -T 1


virtualization/qemu_io.stp - Tally the Number of User-Space QEMU IO on Each IO Port
keywords: virtualization qemu kvm io

  The qemu_io.stp script tallies the number of times each of the IO
  port on the guest virtual machines is touched by a input or output
  operation. When the script exits, it prints a count of the number of
  times each IO port read and written.

  # stap qemu_io.stp -T 1


= LIMITS =

general/cpu_throttle.stp - Monitor Intel processors for throttling due to power or thermal limits
keywords: prometheus limits

  Intel processors have hardware mechanisms that will reduce the
  effective processors speed to avoid exceeding set thermal or power
  constraints. The cpu_throttle.stp script monitors when CPU throttling
  occurs and accumulates the amount of time in milliseconds that each
  processor is throttled.  The script makes the information available
  via procfs in Prometheus readable format.

  # stap cpu_throttle.stp -T 1


memory/overcommit.stp - Log Failed Process Memory Allocation Due to Overcommit Limits
keywords: memory limits

  The overcommit.stp script prints a line each time the kernel refuses
  a memory allocation request from a process because of
  /proc/sys/vm/overcommit* limits.

  # stap overcommit.stp -T 1


process/rlimit_nofile.stp - Trace processes running out of file descriptors 
keywords: limits

  This script watches processes being scheduled and which try to
  allocate a file descriptor without luck.

  # stap rlimit_nofile.stp -T 1


= LOCKING =

locks/bkl.stp - Tracing Contention on Big Kernel Lock
keywords: locking

  The bkl.stp script can help determine whether the Big Kernel Lock
  (BKL) is causing serialization on a multiprocessor system due to
  excessive contention of the BKL. The bkl.stp script takes two
  arguments. The first one is optional, and used to enable backtraces,
  and print them once a process has been holding the BKL for a user
  specified number of nseconds is reached. The second option is
  compulsory and is the number of processes waiting for the Big Kernel
  Lock (BKL). When the number of processes waiting for the BKL is
  reached or exceeded, the script will print a time stamp, the number
  of processes waiting for the BKL, the holder of the BKL, and the
  amount of time the BKL was held. If backtraces are enabled, a
  backtrace will be printed as well.

  # stap bkl.stp -T 1 1


locks/bkl_stats.stp - Per Process Statistics on Big Kernel Lock Use
keywords: locking

  The bkl_stats.stp script can indicate which processes have excessive
  waits for the Big Kernel Lock (BKL) and which processes are taking
  the BKL for long periods of time. The bkl_stats.stp script prints
  lists of all the processes that require the BKL. Every five seconds
  two tables are printed out. The first table lists the processes that
  waited for the BKL followed by the number of times that the process
  waited, the minimum time of the wait, the average and the maximum
  time waited. The second table lists has similar information for the
  time spent in holding the lock for each of the processes.

  # stap bkl_stats.stp -T 1


process/futexes.stp - System-Wide Futex Contention
keywords: syscall locking futex

  The script watches the futex syscall on the system. On exit the
  futex's address, the number of contentions, and the average time for
  each contention on the futex are printed from lowest pid number to
  highest.

  # stap futexes.stp -T 1


process/futexes2.stp - System-Wide Shared Futex Contention
keywords: syscall locking futex

  The script watches just shared futex syscalls on the system. On exit
  the futex's key, the number of contentions, and the average time for
  each contention on the futex are printed from lowest pid number to
  highest.

  # stap futexes2.stp -T 1


process/mutex-contention.stp - pthread mutex contention analysis
keywords: locking

  Tracks pthread-mutex initialization/use and underlying futex
  operations, to identify (with backtraces/symbol-names) the mutexes
  suffering most contention.  Invoke with &quot;-d SHLIB --ldd&quot;, perhaps
  with -DMAXMAPENTRIES=NNNN for some large NNNN, if the arrays overflow
  due to heavy activity.

  # stap mutex-contention.stp -T 1


process/semop-watch.stp - Watch semop(2)/semtimedop(2) operations
keywords: process locking

  Prints a timed trace of semop(2)/semtimedop(2) syscalls

  # stap semop-watch.stp -c 'sleep 2'


= MEMORY =

general/sizeof.stp - Print the Size of a C Type
keywords: statistics memory bpf

  This script prints the size of a type, based on dwarf debuginfo for
  any kernel or userspace module, or trial-compilation of a given
  header file name.

  # stap sizeof.stp FILE '&lt;/usr/include/stdio.h&gt;'


general/sizeof_interactive.stp - Interactive Print the Size of a C Type
keywords: statistics memory interactive

  This script prints the size of a type, based on dwarf debuginfo for
  any kernel or userspace module, or trial-compilation of a given
  header file name. Types and corresponding locations are provided to
  the script at runtime via keyboard input. The format of the input is
  identical to that of sizeof.stp (see script source for more
  information). Types and locations can be repeatedly given until the
  process is terminated. 

  # echo &quot;FILE '&lt;/usr/include/stdio.h&gt;'&quot; | stap sizeof_interactive.stp -T 1


memory/cachestat.stp - Count Page Cache Hits and Misses
keywords: memory bpf

  Monitors hits and misses to the page cache and reports a count every
  5 seconds. Based on a bpftrace tool by David Valin.

  # stap cachestat.stp -T 1


memory/glibc-malloc.stp - Overview glibc malloc internal operations
keywords: memory process

  This script reports on internal statistics of the glibc malloc
  implementation, as used by a process restricted by stap -x/-c

  # stap glibc-malloc.stp -c 'stap --dump-functions'


memory/hugepage_clear_delays.stp - Summarize the time each process spends clearing huge pages
keywords: memory

  When a huge page is initially used by a process it must be cleared of
  its original contents to avoid leaking information between processes.
   On x86_64 machines the huge pages are 2MB in size, 512 times larger
  than a normal 4KB page.  Thus, clearing a huge page can delay program
  execution by a hundred or more microseconds and maybe noticeable to
  latency sensitive programs.  This script will tally the number of
  times that each process triggers a huge page clear, the total time in
  microseconds spent clearing the pages, and the average time in
  microseconds of the huge page clear.

  # stap hugepage_clear_delays.stp -T 1


memory/hugepage_collapse.stp - Log the kernel collapsing normal pages into a huge page
keywords: memory

  The kernel may attempt to group many normal sized pages into a single
  huge page to improve TLB performance.  This operation may take a
  significant amount of time and affect program performance.  You can
  identify if huge page collapse operations are occurring with the
  systemtap hugepage_collapse.stp script.

  # stap hugepage_collapse.stp -T 1


memory/hugepage_cow_delays.stp - Summarize the time each process spends doing copy on write for huge pages
keywords: memory

  The system may attempt to reduce memory use by having two or more
  difference processes share the same writeable page in memory. 
  However, when one of the processes write to shared page that is
  marked copy on write (COW) the page must be duplicated and then
  modified.  On x86_64 machines the huge pages are 2MB in size, 512
  times larger than a normal 4KB page.	Thus, copy on write operation
  on a huge page can delay program execution by a hundred or more
  microseconds and maybe noticeable to latency sensitive programs. 
  This script will tally the number of times that each process triggers
  a huge page copy on write, the total time in microseconds spent
  copying the pages, and the average time in microseconds of the huge
  page copy.

  # stap hugepage_cow_delays.stp -T 1


memory/hugepage_split.stp - Log the kernel splitting huge pages into normal sized pages
keywords: memory

  Because some portions of the kernel code only work with normal-sized
  pages the kernel may convert a huge page into a set of normal-sized
  pages using a split operation. This operation may be relatively
  expensive and noticeable to latency sensitive programs. You can
  identify if split operations are occurring with the systemtap
  hugepage_split.stp script.

  # stap hugepage_split.stp -T 1


memory/hw_watch_addr.stp - Watch a Kernel Address Using Breakpoint Hardware
keywords: memory watchpoint

  The script will watch accesses to a single kernel address and prints
  a traceback each time the address is accessed. This script needs to
  be run as root to allow access to the breakpoint hardware.

  # stap --all-modules hw_watch_addr.stp 0x`grep &quot;vm_dirty_ratio&quot; \
  /proc/kallsyms | awk '{print $1}'` -T 5


memory/hw_watch_sym.stp - Watch a Kernel Symbol Using Breakpoint Hardware
keywords: memory watchpoint

  The script will watch accesses to the starting address of a single
  kernel symbol and prints a traceback each time the symbol is
  accessed. This script needs to be run as root to allow access to the
  breakpoint hardware.

  # stap --all-modules hw_watch_sym.stp vm_dirty_ratio -T 5


memory/kmalloc-top - Show Paths to Kernel Malloc Invocations
keywords: memory

  The kmalloc-top perl program runs a small systemtap script to collect
  stack traces for each call to the kmalloc function and counts the
  time that each stack trace is observed. When kmalloc-top exits it
  prints out sorted list. The output can be filtered to print only the
  first N stack traces (-t), stack traces with a minimum counts (-m),
  or exclude certain stack traces (-e).

  # ./kmalloc-top -c &quot;sleep 1&quot;


memory/last_100_frees.stp - Log recent free(3) calls.
keywords: memory process backtrace

  This script reports on the last few free(3) libc calls done by
  processes (possibly restricted by stap -x/-c), along with a userspace
  backtrace at those moments.

  # stap last_100_frees.stp -c &quot;stap -V&quot; -d `which stap` --ldd


memory/mmanonpage.stp - Track Virtual Memory System Actions on Anonymous Pages
keywords: memory

  The mmanonpage.stp script uses the virtual memory tracepoints
  available in some kernels to track the number of faults, user space
  frees, page ins, copy on writes and unmaps for anonymous pages. When
  the script is terminated the counts are printed for each process that
  allocated pages while the script was running. This script displays
  the anonymous page statistics for each process that ran while the
  script is active.  It's useful in debugging leaks in the anonymous
  regions of a process.

  # stap mmanonpage.stp -T 1


memory/mmfilepage.stp - Track Virtual Memory System Actions on File Backed Pages
keywords: memory bpf

  The mmfilepage.stp script uses the virtual memory tracepoints
  available in some kernels to track the number of faults, copy on
  writes mapping, and unmapping operations for file backed pages. When
  the script is terminated the counts are printed for each process that
  allocated pages while the script was running. The mmfilepage.stp
  script is useful in debugging leaks in the mapped file regions of a
  process.

  # stap mmfilepage.stp -T 1


memory/mmreclaim.stp - Track Virtual Memory System Page Reclamation
keywords: memory

  The mmreclaim.stp script uses the virtual memory tracepoints
  available in some kernels to track page reclaim activity that
  occurred while the script was running. It's useful in debugging
  performance problems that occur due to page reclamation.

  # stap mmreclaim.stp -T 1


memory/mmwriteback.stp - Track Virtual Memory System Writing to Disk
keywords: memory bpf

  The mmwriteback.stp script uses the virtual memory tracepoints
  available in some kernels to report all of the file writebacks that
  occur form kupdate, pdflush and kjournald while the script is
  running.  It's useful in determining where writes are coming from on
  a supposedly idle system that is experiencing unexpected IO.

  # stap mmwriteback.stp -T 1


memory/numa_faults.stp - Summarize Process Misses across NUMA Nodes
keywords: memory numa

  The numa_faults.stp script tracks the read and write pages faults for
  each process. When the script exits it prints out the total read and
  write pages faults for each process. The script also provide a break
  down of page faults per node for each process. This script is useful
  for determining whether the program has good locality (page faults
  limited to a single node) on a NUMA computer.

  # stap numa_faults.stp -T 1


memory/overcommit.stp - Log Failed Process Memory Allocation Due to Overcommit Limits
keywords: memory limits

  The overcommit.stp script prints a line each time the kernel refuses
  a memory allocation request from a process because of
  /proc/sys/vm/overcommit* limits.

  # stap overcommit.stp -T 1


memory/pfaults.stp - Generate Log of Major and Minor Page Faults
keywords: memory

  The pfaults.stp script generates a simple log for each major and
  minor page fault that occurs on the system. Each line contains a
  timestamp (in microseconds) when the page fault servicing was
  completed, the pid of the process, the address of the page fault, the
  type of access (read or write), the type of fault (major or minor),
  and the elapsed time for page fault. This log can be examined to
  determine where the page faults are occurring.

  # stap pfaults.stp -T 1


memory/vm.tracepoints.stp - Collect Slab Allocation Statistics
keywords: memory statistics

  The script will probe all memory slab/slub allocations and collects
  information about the size of the object (bytes requested) and
  user-space process in execution. When run over a period of time, it
  helps to correlate kernel-space memory consumption owing to
  user-space processes.

  # stap vm.tracepoints.stp -T 10


= MONITORING =

general/graphs.stp - Graphing Disk and CPU Utilization with gnuplot
keywords: monitoring

  The script tracks the disk and CPU utilization.  It prints a stream
  of data which, when piped directly into gnuplot, draws historical
  curves for each.

  # stap graphs.stp -T 1


general/measureinterval.stp - Measure intervals between events
keywords: monitoring

  The measureinteval.stp script allows quick creation of
  instrumentation to measure quantity between different probe points,
  aggregate the measurements, and display the results. The first
  argument to the script is the quantity to measure such as time in
  microseconds via &quot;gettimeofday_us()&quot;.   There could be multiple
  intervals being measured concurrently and the second argument is the
  means to match the start probe points listed in the fourth argument
  with the end probes listed in the fifth argument.  The third argument
  is how to display the aggregated data.  The data could be displayed
  as a sum (@sum), an average (@avg), or a histogram (@hist_log).  The
  fourth and fifth arguments are lists of probes marking the start and
  end of an interval.  An optional sixth argument allows grouping of
  the intervals. One could use &quot;tid()&quot; for the matching argument to
  measure the intervals on a per-thread basis, but then use
  &quot;execname()&quot; for the optional argument to group the measurements by
  executable name.  If there is no sixth argument, all the intervals
  are aggregated into a single entry.

  # stap measureinterval.stp &quot;gettimeofday_us()&quot; &quot;tid()&quot; @sum vm.pagefault \
  vm.pagefault.return &quot;execname()&quot; -c 'sleep 3'


general/varwatch.stp - Watch a Variable Changing Value in a Thread
keywords: _best monitoring

  This script places a set of probes (specified by $1), each of which
  monitors the state of some context $variable expression (specified by
  $2).	Whenever the value changes, with respect to the active thread,
  the event is traced.

  # stap -w varwatch.stp 'kernel.statement(&quot;do_sys_open@fs/open.c:*&quot;)' \
  '$$vars' -T 1


general/whythefail.stp - Why did the function fail?
keywords: speculation monitoring function trace _best

  The whythefail.stp script prints a statement-execution trace for a
  given function, but only for those runs of the function that ended up
  with a (configurable) post-return condition.

  # stap whythefail.stp kernel do_sys_open '$return &lt; 0' -c 'cat \
  /root/no-such-file || true'


io/capture_ssl_master_secrets.stp - Capture SSL/TLS master secrets from gnutls and openssl users
keywords: io monitoring

  Capture SSL/TLS master secrets from gnutls and openssl users for easy
  traffic decryption

  # stap capture_ssl_master_secrets.stp -c 'sleep 3'


io/mbrwatch.stp - Monitor Read/Write of the Boot Sector Area of Block Devices
keywords: io monitoring disk simple

   The mbrwatch.stp script reports any attempted reads/writes of the
  first few sectors of a raw block device.

  # stap mbrwatch.stp -c &quot;dd of=/dev/null count=1 if=/dev/`grep -v major \
  /proc/partitions | grep . | grep -v 'sr[0-9]' | awk '{print $4}' | \
  head -1`&quot;


io/ttyspy.stp - Monitor TTY Typing
keywords: io tty monitoring guru

  The ttyspy.stp script uses tty_audit hooks to monitor recent typing
  activity on the system, printing a scrolling record of recent
  keystrokes, on a per-tty basis.

  # stap --skip-badvars -g ttyspy.stp -T 1


process/auditbt.stp - Generate backtraces for kernel audit events
keywords: monitoring security backtrace

  Attaches to the kernel audit-log paths (also used by libaudit), and
  log every record being sent, along with a user-space backtrace of the
  process that caused it.

  # stap auditbt.stp -d /usr/bin/sudo --ldd -c &quot;sudo true&quot;


process/procmod_watcher.stp - Monitor process creation/termination and module [un]loading
keywords: process monitoring syscall tracepoint

  The procmod_watcher.stp script monitors calls to fork(), exec(),
  exit(), init_module(), and delete_module(). Event-specific details
  are also printed out (e.g. for exec(), the file being exec'ed). This
  script does not require debuginfo.

  # stap procmod_watcher.stp -T 1


= NANOSLEEP =

process/sleeptime.stp - Trace Time Spent in Nanosleep Syscalls
keywords: syscall nanosleep

  The script watches each nanosleep syscall on the system. At the end
  of each nanosleep syscall the script prints out a line with a
  timestamp in microseconds, the pid, the executable name in
  parentheses, the &quot;nanosleep:&quot; key, and the duration of the sleep in
  microseconds.

  # stap sleeptime.stp -T 1


= NETWORK =

lwtools/accept2close-nd.stp - Show socket lifespan, from accept() to close() (non-debuginfo)
keywords: network socket

  This traces socket duration from the accept() syscall to close(), and
  provides details on the lifespan of these passive connections,
  showing the distribution as a histogram.

  # stap accept2close-nd.stp -T 1


network/autofs4.stp - Watch autofs4 Operations
keywords: network nfs

  Trace key autofs4 operations such as mounting or unmounting remote
  filesystems.

  # stap autofs4.stp -T 1


network/connect_stat.stp - Show Process Ancestry for IP Connections
keywords: network socket process

  The connect_stat.stp script prints a task's entire ancestry (parent
  process name/uid/gid) whenever it attempts an outgoing socket
  connection to a given IP address.

  # stap connect_stat.stp 127.0.0.1 -T 1


network/dropwatch.stp - Watch Where Socket Buffers Are Freed in the Kernel
keywords: network tracepoint socket

  Every five seconds the dropwatch.stp script lists the number of
  socket buffers freed at locations in the kernel.

  # stap dropwatch.stp -T 1


network/net_xmit_json.stp - Tracks time between packet queue and transmit.
keywords: network statistics json

  This script tracks time between packet queue and transmit. The
  information is provided to userspace via procfs in JSON format.

  # stap net_xmit_json.stp -T 1


network/netdev.stp - Trace Activity on Network Devices
keywords: network traffic

  The netdev.stp script traces configuration and transmit/receive
  activity on network devices.

  # stap netdev.stp -T 1


network/netfilter_drop.stp - System-Wide Network Packet Dropping Tool
keywords: network packets guru

  The script drops the specified number of packets of the specified
  protocol. Valid protocols are TCP, UDP, or ALL. If ALL is specified,
  all incoming packets are dropped. The number of packets to drop can
  be specified with a positive integer. A value of 0 indicates that
  packets should be dropped until the user manually exits.

  # stap -g netfilter_drop.stp TCP 1 -T 2


network/netfilter_summary.stp - System-Wide Count of Network Packets by IPs
keywords: _best network traffic

  The script watches all IPv4 network traffic on the system. On exit
  the script prints a list showing the number of packets sent along
  source IP address / destination IP address pair encountered, and the
  total number of bytes sent among the pair. The list is ordered from
  greatest to least number of packets seen among the source/destination
  pairs.

  # stap netfilter_summary.stp -T 1


network/netfilter_summary_json.stp - System-Wide Count of Network Packets by IPs
keywords: _best network traffic json

  The script watches all IPv4 network traffic on the system. The data
  is output in JSON format and includes the number of packets sent
  along source IP address / destination IP address pair encountered,
  and the total number of bytes sent among the pair.

  # stap netfilter_summary_json.stp -T 1


network/nettop.stp - Periodic Listing of Processes Using Network Interfaces
keywords: network traffic

  Every five seconds the nettop.stp script prints out a list of
  processed (PID and command) with the number of packets sent/received
  and the amount of data sent/received by the process during that
  interval.

  # stap nettop.stp -T 1


network/packet_contents.stp - Network packet contents
keywords: network traffic

  The packet_contents.stp script displays the length of each network
  packet and its contents in both hexadecimal and ASCII. Systemtap
  strings are MAXSTRINGLEN in length by default which may not be enough
  for larger packets. In order to print larger packets, this limit can
  be increased by passing in the &quot;-DMAXSTRINGLEN=65536&quot; command line
  option.

  # stap packet_contents.stp -T 1


network/sk_stream_wait_memory.stp - Track Start and Stop of Processes Due to Network Buffer Space
keywords: network tcp process bpf

  The sk_stream-wait_memory.stp prints a time stamp, executable, and
  pid each time a process blocks due to the send buffer being full. A
  similar entry is printed each time a process continues because there
  is room in the buffer.

  # stap sk_stream_wait_memory.stp -T 1


network/socket-trace.stp - Trace Functions Called in Network Socket Code
keywords: network socket

  The script instruments each of the functions in the Linux kernel's
  net/socket.c file. The script prints out trace data. The first
  element of a line is time delta in microseconds from the previous
  entry. This is followed by the command name and the PID. The &quot;-&gt;&quot; and
  &quot;&lt;-&quot; indicates function entry and function exit, respectively. The
  last element of the line is the function name.

  # stap socket-trace.stp -T 1


network/socktop - Periodically Summarize Socket Activity on the System
keywords: network socket

  The socktop script periodically prints out a list of the processes
  with the highest socket activity.  Command line options for the
  script allow filtering to focus on particular types of sockets. The
  &quot;-h&quot; option lists socktop script's filtering options.

  # ./socktop -c 1


network/stp_dump.stp - Dump of STP packets
keywords: network traffic

  The stp_dump.stp prints out the packet contents. Each block contains
  the STP protocol ID, version ID, flags, root and bridge MAC
  addresses, and various times.

  # stap stp_dump.stp -T 5


network/tcp_connections.stp - Track Creation of Incoming TCP Connections
keywords: network tcp socket

  The tcp_connections.stp script prints information for each new
  incoming TCP connection accepted by the computer. The information
  includes the UID, the command accepting the connection, the PID of
  the command, the port the connection is on, and the IP address of the
  originator of the request.

  # stap tcp_connections.stp -T 1


network/tcp_init_cwnd.stp - Increase Initial TCP Congestion Window to 10
keywords: network tcp socket guru

  Run the tcp_init_cwnd.stp script in the background to override a
  kernel's default tcp cwnd value to 10, which has been found to
  improve latency for web server type workloads.  The script prints a
  count of cwnd value changes when it is stopped.

  # stap -g tcp_init_cwnd.stp -T 1


network/tcp_trace.stp - TCP Connection Tracing Utility
keywords: network trace

  This scripts traces a given TCP connection based on the filter
  parameters given by the user. The indexing is done by the 4 tuples
  local address, remote address, local port, remote port.

  # stap tcp_trace.stp 127.0.0.1:*-127.0.0.1:* timeout=1


network/tcpdumplike.stp - Dump of Received UDP/TCP Packets
keywords: network traffic

  The tcpdumplike.stp prints out a line for each TCP &amp; UDP packet
  received. Each line includes the source and destination IP addresses,
  the source and destination ports, and flags.

  # stap tcpdumplike.stp -T 1


network/tcpipstat.stp - Display Network Statistics for Individual TCP Sockets
keywords: network statistics

  The tcpipstat script collects and displays network statistics related
  to individual TCP sockets or groups of sockets.  The statistics that
  are collected are simular to that of the command netstat -s, only
  sorted and grouped by individual sockets.

  # stap tcpipstat.stp timeout=1


network/who_sent_it.stp - Trace threads sending network traffic to given host and/or port
keywords: network trace traffic simple

  This script traces outgoing network packets using the netfilter
  probes (not requiring debuginfo), printing the source thread name/id
  and destination host:port.  It may be filtered with the_dport and
  the_daddr globals, e.g., to watch only for DNS traffic (port 53),
  and/or only to the localhost (127.0.0.1).

  # stap who_sent_it.stp -G the_dport=53 -c &quot;ping -c 1 sourceware.org || \
  true&quot;


= NFS =

network/autofs4.stp - Watch autofs4 Operations
keywords: network nfs

  Trace key autofs4 operations such as mounting or unmounting remote
  filesystems.

  # stap autofs4.stp -T 1


network/nfsd-recent.stp - Keep track of NFS server statistics
keywords: nfs statistics

  This script tracks all nfsd server operations by client_ip address,
  and periodically lists those clients that have made recent requests. 
  It's a way of finding out which nfs clients might be considered still
  connected.

  # stap nfsd-recent.stp -T 1


network/nfsd-trace.stp - Trace NFSD requests with file names.
keywords: nfs trace

  This script traces all nfsd server operations by client_ip address,
  operation, and complete file name (if possible).

  # stap nfsd-trace.stp -T 1


network/nfsd_unlink.stp - Find Which Client Is Removing NFS Files on Server
keywords: nfs disk

  The nfsd_unlink.stp script lists the ip address and file name each
  time time a file is being removed or unlinked by the nfsd. This
  script is run on the nfs server.

  # stap nfsd_unlink.stp -T 1


network/nfsdtop.stp - Keep track of NFS server statistics
keywords: nfs statistics

  The nfsdtop.stp script gathers and displays NFS lookups,

  # stap nfsdtop.stp -T 1


= NUMA =

memory/numa_faults.stp - Summarize Process Misses across NUMA Nodes
keywords: memory numa

  The numa_faults.stp script tracks the read and write pages faults for
  each process. When the script exits it prints out the total read and
  write pages faults for each process. The script also provide a break
  down of page faults per node for each process. This script is useful
  for determining whether the program has good locality (page faults
  limited to a single node) on a NUMA computer.

  # stap numa_faults.stp -T 1


= PACKETS =

network/netfilter_drop.stp - System-Wide Network Packet Dropping Tool
keywords: network packets guru

  The script drops the specified number of packets of the specified
  protocol. Valid protocols are TCP, UDP, or ALL. If ALL is specified,
  all incoming packets are dropped. The number of packets to drop can
  be specified with a positive integer. A value of 0 indicates that
  packets should be dropped until the user manually exits.

  # stap -g netfilter_drop.stp TCP 1 -T 2


= PROCESS =

general/eventcount.stp - Interactive Count Specified Events
keywords: interactive statistics thread process

  The script periodically prints a count of specified events and their
  related tid's over the course of execution. Numerous configuration
  options exist to control filtering / reporting, some of which can be
  modified at runtime. See the script source for more information.

  # stap eventcount.stp 'syscall_any' -c 'sleep 3'


memory/glibc-malloc.stp - Overview glibc malloc internal operations
keywords: memory process

  This script reports on internal statistics of the glibc malloc
  implementation, as used by a process restricted by stap -x/-c

  # stap glibc-malloc.stp -c 'stap --dump-functions'


memory/last_100_frees.stp - Log recent free(3) calls.
keywords: memory process backtrace

  This script reports on the last few free(3) libc calls done by
  processes (possibly restricted by stap -x/-c), along with a userspace
  backtrace at those moments.

  # stap last_100_frees.stp -c &quot;stap -V&quot; -d `which stap` --ldd


network/connect_stat.stp - Show Process Ancestry for IP Connections
keywords: network socket process

  The connect_stat.stp script prints a task's entire ancestry (parent
  process name/uid/gid) whenever it attempts an outgoing socket
  connection to a given IP address.

  # stap connect_stat.stp 127.0.0.1 -T 1


network/sk_stream_wait_memory.stp - Track Start and Stop of Processes Due to Network Buffer Space
keywords: network tcp process bpf

  The sk_stream-wait_memory.stp prints a time stamp, executable, and
  pid each time a process blocks due to the send buffer being full. A
  similar entry is printed each time a process continues because there
  is room in the buffer.

  # stap sk_stream_wait_memory.stp -T 1


process/cycle_thief.stp - Track IRQ's and Other Processes Stealing Cycles from a Task
keywords: _best process scheduler time tracepoint interrupt

  The cycle_thief.stp script instruments the scheduler and IRQ handler
  to determine which processes and interrupts are competing with the
  specified task for the cpu cycles. This script uses the '-c' or '-x'
  options to focus on a specific task. The script output the number of
  times the task migrates between processors, histograms showing the
  length of time on and off processor, lists of processes running while
  the task is off the processor, and the interrupts that occurred while
  the task was running.

  # stap cycle_thief.stp -T 1


process/errsnoop.stp - Tabulate System Call Errors
keywords: process syscall

  Prints a periodic tabular report about failing system calls, by
  process and by syscall failure.  The first optional argument
  specifies the reporting interval (in seconds, default 5); the second
  optional argument gives a screen height (number of lines in the
  report, default 20).

  # stap errsnoop.stp 1 10 -T 1


process/forktracker.stp - Trace Creation of Processes
keywords: process scheduler

  The forktracker.stp script prints out a time-stamped entry showing
  each fork and exec operation on the machine. This can be useful to
  determine what process is creating a flurry of short-lived processes.

  # stap forktracker.stp -T 1


process/ltrace.stp - uprobes-based ltrace
keywords: process

  The ltrace.stp script lists calls that the designated process makes
  through PLTs (procedure linkage tables), generally into shared
  libraries.

  # stap ltrace.stp -c ls || echo PR14738


process/noptrace.stp - Disable ptrace from Hierarchies of Processes
keywords: process security guru

  Blocks ptrace(2) attempts from processes identified by stap -c/-x, as
  also specifiable from /proc/systemtap/stap_XXX/ control files. 
  Processes may be added or removed from the blocked list.

  # stap -g noptrace.stp -c 'strace ls || true'


process/pfiles.stp - Print Process File Descriptors
keywords: process file

  Run pfiles.stp to produce a human-readable summary of all open file
  descriptors of a given process.  Specify the process-id as -x PID for
  fastest performance.

  # stap -g pfiles.stp -x $$


process/plimit.stp - Print Resource Limits of Process
keywords: process

  The script prints a variety of resource limits for a given pid, like
  /proc/$$/limits on recent kernels.

  # stap -g plimit.stp $$


process/procmod_watcher.stp - Monitor process creation/termination and module [un]loading
keywords: process monitoring syscall tracepoint

  The procmod_watcher.stp script monitors calls to fork(), exec(),
  exit(), init_module(), and delete_module(). Event-specific details
  are also printed out (e.g. for exec(), the file being exec'ed). This
  script does not require debuginfo.

  # stap procmod_watcher.stp -T 1


process/proctop.stp - Periodically Print Process Information With History
keywords: process scheduler _best

  Every 5 seconds, print out a list of 25 processes that took the most
  system time with information about the processes. Includes
  information on processes that may have exited while the script was
  running. The script contains configuration options listed in the
  script source.

  # stap proctop.stp -T 1


process/psig.stp - Print Process File Descriptors
keywords: process signals

  Run psig.stp to produce a human-readable summary of the signal
  handling configuration of a given process.  Specify the process-id as
  -x PID for fastest performance.

  # stap -DMAXACTION=10000 -g psig.stp -x $$


process/pstrace_exec.stp - Print trace of process ancestors for matching exec commands
keywords: process backtrace

  The pstrace_exec.stp script watches each exec operation. If the exec
  contains a substring that matches the script's command-line argument,
  it prints out that process and all of its ancestors.

  # stap pstrace_exec.stp -T 1 bash


process/pstree.stp - Generates a process diagram in DOT form.
keywords: process diagram

  The pstree.stp script generates a process diagram in DOT form.  For
  instance, it may be useful on a 'make' command to see all the
  processes that are started.

  # stap pstree.stp -T 1


process/sched-latency.stp - track wakeup-to-dispatch latency stats
keywords: process scheduler time tracepoint

  This script periodically reports a histogram of the latency between a
  task (thread) being woken up and it actually being dispatched to a
  CPU: the amount of time it's spent in the runnable queue.

  # stap sched-latency.stp -T 7


process/schedtimes.stp - Track Time Processes Spend in Various States Using Tracepoints
keywords: process scheduler time tracepoint

  The schedtimes.stp script instruments the scheduler to track the
  amount of time that each process spends in running, sleeping,
  queuing, and waiting for io. On exit the script prints out the
  accumulated time for each state of processes observed.  Optionally,
  this script can be used with the '-c' or '-x' options to focus on a
  specific PID and its children.

  # stap schedtimes.stp -T 1


process/semop-watch.stp - Watch semop(2)/semtimedop(2) operations
keywords: process locking

  Prints a timed trace of semop(2)/semtimedop(2) syscalls

  # stap semop-watch.stp -c 'sleep 2'


process/spawn_seeker.stp - Track Creation of Processes by process and execname
keywords: process scheduler

  The spawn_seeker.stp script every minute (and on exit) prints out the
  local time and sorted lists of which processes and executables
  spawned tasks during the previous minute. This can be useful to
  determine what process is creating a flurry of short-lived processes.
   When a process exits its count of tasks created is added to its
  parent's count to better account for the indirect task creation by
  children processes.  For more detailed examination of task creation
  consider using forktracker.stp.

  # stap spawn_seeker.stp -T 1


process/strace.stp - Trace system calls
keywords: _best process syscall

  The script loosely emulates strace, when applied to individual
  processes or hierarchies (via -c/-x), or the entire system (without
  -c/-x).  A few output configuration parameters may be set with -G.

  # stap strace.stp -c &quot;cat /proc/sys/vm/* || true&quot;


process/thread-business.stp - monitor syscall history
keywords: _best process syscall

  Prints a periodic tabular report about the counts of syscall activity
  of all threads on the system, along with a textual
  recent-syscall-history for each

  # stap thread-business.stp -T 10


process/wait4time.stp - Trace Time Spent in wait4 Syscalls
keywords: syscall process

  The script watches each wait4 syscall on the system. At the end of
  each wait4 syscall the script prints out a line with a timestamp in
  microseconds, the pid, the executable name in parentheses, the
  &quot;wait4:&quot; key, the duration of the wait and the PID that the wait4 was
  waiting for. If the waited for PID is not specified , it is &quot;-1&quot;.

  # stap wait4time.stp -T 1


profiling/syscallerrorsbypid.stp - Provide a per-process syscall error tally on the system
keywords: prometheus process syscall tracepoint

  The syscallerrorsbypid.stp script tallies syscall errors for each
  running process.  This information can be useful to whether there are
  excessive errors for various processes on the system.  The script
  makes the information available via procfs in Prometheus readable
  format.  When a process exits its data will be eliminated from the
  prometheus output.  To avoid exceeding the storage limitations of
  SystemTap older entries maybe overwritten by newer entries.  This can
  lead to some active process syscall error counts disappearing and/or
  later reappearing with a lower value.  Also note that the script does
  not properly name syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit
  machines.

  # stap syscallerrorsbypid.stp -T 1


profiling/syscalllatency.stp - Provide a per-process accumulation of syscall latency on the system
keywords: prometheus process syscall tracepoint

  The syscalllatency.stp script accumulates syscall latency for each
  running process.  This information can be useful to whether excessive
  time is being spent in particular syscalls on the system.  The script
  makes the information available via procfs in Prometheus readable
  format.  When a process exits its data will be eliminated from the
  prometheus output.  To avoid exceeding the storage limitations of
  SystemTap older entries maybe overwritten by newer entries.  This can
  lead to some active process syscall error counts disappearing and/or
  later reappearing with a lower value.  Also note that the script does
  not properly name syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit
  machines.

  # stap syscalllatency.stp -T 1


profiling/syscallsbypid.stp - Provide a per-process syscall tally on the system
keywords: prometheus process syscall tracepoint

  The syscallsbypid.stp script tallies each syscall for each running
  process.  This information can be useful to determine the activity of
  various processes on the system.  The script makes the information
  available via procfs in Prometheus readable format.  When a process
  exits its data will be eliminated from the prometheus output.  To
  avoid exceeding the storage limitations of SystemTap older entries
  maybe overwritten by newer entries.  This can lead to some active
  process syscall counts disappearing and/or later reappearing with a
  lower value.	Also note that the script does not properly name
  syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit machines.

  # stap syscallsbypid.stp -T 1


= PROFILING =

general/tcl-funtop.stp - Profile Tcl calls
keywords: profiling

  The tcl-funtop.stp script displays a top-like view of most frequently
  used Tcl functions for the each five second interval.

  # stap tcl-funtop.stp -T 5


io/iodevstats.stp - List Executables Reading and Writing the Most Data by Device
keywords: io profiling

   The iodevstats.stp script measures the amount of data successfully
  read and written by all the executables for each io device on the
  system.  The output is sorted from greatest sum of bytes read and
  written to a device by an executable to the least. The output
  contains device major/minor number, the count of operations (reads
  and writes), the totals and averages for the number of bytes read and
  written.

  # stap iodevstats.stp -T 1


io/iostat-scsi.stp - IO Statistics for SCSI Devices
keywords: io profiling scsi

  The iostat-scsi.stp script provides a breakdown of the number of blks
  read and written on the machine's various SCSI devices. The script
  takes one argument which is the number of seconds between reports.

  # stap -g iostat-scsi.stp 1 -T 1


io/iostats.stp - List Executables Reading and Writing the Most Data
keywords: io profiling

   The iostat.stp script measures the amount of data successfully read
  and written by all the executables on the system.  The output is
  sorted from most greatest sum of bytes read and written by an
  executable to the least. The output contains	the count of operations
  (opens, reads, and writes), the totals and averages for the number of
  bytes read and written.

  # stap iostats.stp -T 1


io/iotime.stp - Trace Time Spent in Read and Write for Files 
keywords: profiling syscall io file

  The script watches each open, close, read, and write syscalls on the
  system. For each file the scripts observes opened it accumulates the
  amount of wall clock time spent in read and write operations and the
  number of bytes read and written. When a file is closed the script
  prints out a pair of lines for the file. Both lines begin with a
  timestamp in microseconds, the PID number, and the executable name in
  parentheses. The first line with the &quot;access&quot; keyword lists the file
  name, the attempted number of bytes for the read and write
  operations. The second line with the &quot;iotime&quot; keyword list the file
  name and the number of microseconds accumulated in the read and write
  syscalls.

  # stap iotime.stp -T 1


io/nfs_func_users.stp - Tally the Number of NFS Functions Used by Each Process
keywords: io profiling

  The nfs_func_users.stp script counts the uses of NFS functions in the
  kernel on a per process bases.  The output is sorted from the process
  with the greatest number of NFS functions called to the least. The
  output contains the executable name, the process number, and the
  total number of NFS functions called by the process.

  # stap nfs_func_users.stp -T 1


profiling/container_check.stp - Monitor capabilities and syscalls used by a process and it children
keywords: profiling container syscall

  The container_check.stp script monitors the use of linux capablities
  and optionally forbidden syscalls by a process and its children.  On
  exit the script prints out lists showing the capabilies used by each
  executable, which syscall used specific capabilites for each
  executable, a list of forbidden syscalls used, and details on any
  syscalls that failed during monitoring.  This script is designed to
  help diagnose issues caused by restricted capabilies and syscalls
  when running an application in a container.  If the script warns
  about skipped probes, the number of active kretprobes may need to be
  increased with &quot;-DKRETACTIVE=100&quot; option on the command line

  # stap container_check.stp -c &quot;ping -c 1 sourceware.org || true&quot;


profiling/errno.stp - Show Which Processes and System Calls Return Errors Most Frequently
keywords: profiling

  On exit the errno.stp script provides a sorted list showing which
  combination of PID, system call, and error occur most frequently.

  # stap errno.stp -T 1


profiling/fileline-profile.stp - Profile Kernel/User Functions
keywords: profiling

  The fileline-profile.stp script ends by printing out a sorted list of
  the top twenty kernel and/or user processes providing file:line
  information, if available, from the samples addresses gathered over
  the time period the script is run. Use any of --ldd, --all-modules,
  -d MODULE, -d /PATH/TO/EXEC to add more symbolic info. To include the
  symbol name in the output, specify guru mode (-g) and add
  symbolname=&quot;yes&quot; to the stap command.

  # stap fileline-profile.stp -T 6 --all-modules --ldd


profiling/fntimes.stp - Show Functions Taking Longer Than Usual
keywords: _best profiling

  The fntimes.stp script monitors the execution time history of a given
  function family (assumed non-recursive).  Each time (beyond a warmup
  interval) is then compared to the historical maximum.  If it exceeds
  a certain threshold (250%), a message is printed.

  # stap fntimes.stp 'kernel.function(&quot;sys_*&quot;)' -T 7


profiling/functioncallcount.stp - Count Times Functions Are Called
keywords: profiling function

  The functioncallcount.stp script takes one argument, a list of
  functions to probe. The script will run and count the number of times
  that each of the functions on the list is called. On exit the script
  will print a sorted list from most frequently to least frequently
  called function.

  # stap -w functioncallcount.stp &quot;*@mm/*.c&quot; -T 1


profiling/ioctl_handler.stp - Monitor which executables use ioctl syscalls and what kernel code is handling the ioctl
keywords: profiling

  The ioctl systemcall is used to manipulate devices setting or special
  files.  The way that ioctl syscalls are handled depend greatly on the
  device the special file is associated with. Using strace to monitor
  the open and ioctl syscalls may not give a good indication of what
  kernel code is actually handling the ioctl operations.  The
  ioctl_handler.stp script is designed to provide more details. On exit
  the ioctl_handler.stp script provides a count of the ioctl syscalls
  for each executable run on the system. If there was some special
  device driver code used to handle to the ioctl, the output will have
  a tally of the times the function name and module was called for that
  executable.  The &quot;--all-modules&quot; option should be included on the
  command line so the script can provide function name information.

  # stap ioctl_handler.stp --all-modules -T 1


profiling/latencytap.stp - Show Reasons and Durations for Processes Sleeping
keywords: _best profiling

  The latencytap.stp script collects data on the intervals processes
  are deactivated (sleeping).  The script categorizes the reasons for
  the sleeps by analyzing the backtraces and displays a sorted list of
  the top 20 causes from largest total sum time sleeping to smallest.
  The output is updated every 30 seconds. The script needs to be
  compiled with the '--all-modules' option to produce reasons for
  sleeps caused by modules.  Optionally, this script can be used with
  the '-c' or '-x' options to focus on a specific PID.

  # stap latencytap.stp --all-modules -T 1


profiling/linetimes.stp - Show Time Spent on Each Line of a Function
keywords: profiling _best

  The linetimes.stp script takes two arguments: where to find the
  function and the function name. linetimes.stp will instrument each
  line in the function. It will print out the number of times that the
  function is called, a table with the average and maximum time each
  line takes, and control flow information when the script exits.

  # stap linetimes.stp kernel do_nanosleep -T 1


profiling/perf.stp - Show performance ratios using perf.counter to access performance counters
keywords: profiling

  On exit the perf.stp script provides a sorted list showing cycles per
  insn, branches per insn, and cache refs per insn

  # stap -w perf.stp -c &quot;find /usr/bin -name \&quot;l*\&quot; -printf \&quot;%h/%f %s %Cx \
  %Ck%CM %Y\n\&quot;&quot;


profiling/periodic.stp - Show the Period of the Various Timers on the System
keywords: profiling

  The periodic.stp script uses the  kernel.trace(&quot;timer_expire_entry&quot;)
  tracepoint to collect data on period and frequency of the various
  timers on the system.  The script displays a sorted list of the
  timers observed on the system from most frequent to least frequent.
  The script needs to be compiled with the '--all-modules' option to
  produce list the function names.  Optionally, this script can be used
  with a numerical argument to indicate the interval in seconds between
  printing output.

  # stap periodic.stp --all-modules -T 1


profiling/pf2.stp - Profile Kernel Functions
keywords: profiling

  The pf2.stp script sets up time-based sampling. Every five seconds it
  prints out a sorted list with the top ten kernel functions with
  samples.

  # stap pf2.stp -T 1


profiling/pf3.stp - Profile Kernel/User Functions
keywords: profiling

  The pf3.stp script sets up time-based sampling. Every five seconds it
  prints out a sorted list with the top twenty kernel and/or user
  functions with samples.  Use any of --ldd, --all-modules, -d MODULE,
  -d /PATH/TO/EXEC to add more symbolic info.

  # stap pf3.stp -T 6 --all-modules --ldd


profiling/pf4.stp - Profile Kernel/User Backtraces
keywords: _best profiling backtrace

  The pf4.stp script sets up time-based sampling. Every five seconds it
  prints out a sorted list with the top twenty kernel and/or user stack
  backtraces (on a per-cpu basis).  Use any of --ldd, --all-modules, -d
  MODULE, -d /PATH/TO/EXEC to add more symbolic info.

  # stap pf4.stp -T 6 --all-modules --ldd


profiling/sched_switch.stp - Display the Task Switches Happening in the Scheduler
keywords: profiling function

  The sched_switch.stp script takes two arguments, first argument can
  be &quot;pid&quot; or &quot;name&quot; to indicate what is being passed as second
  argument. The script will trace the process based on pid/name and
  print the scheduler switches happening with the process. If no
  arguments are passed, it displays all the scheduler switches. This
  can be used to understand which tasks schedule out the current
  process being traced, and when it gets scheduled in again.

  # stap  sched_switch.stp -T 1


profiling/thread-times.stp - Profile Kernel Functions
keywords: _best profiling

  The thread-times.stp script sets up time-based sampling.  Every five
  seconds it prints out a sorted list with the top twenty threads
  occupying the CPUs, broken down as a percentage of user and kernel
  time.

  # stap thread-times.stp -T 1


profiling/timeout.stp - Show Processes Doing Polling Operations
keywords: profiling

  The timeout.stp script is based on a blog entry
  (http://udrepper.livejournal.com/19041.html) mentioning a need for a
  tool to help developers find applications that are polling. The
  timeout.stp script monitors systemcall used for polling and records
  the systemcalls that timed out rather than returned because some
  action occurred. The script updates the screen once a second with the
  top twenty processes.

  # stap timeout.stp -T 1


profiling/topsys.stp - Show Processes Doing Polling Operations
keywords: profiling

   The topsys.stp script lists out the top twenty systemcalls for the
  previous 5 seconds. The output is sorted from most frequent to least
  frequent.

  # stap topsys.stp -T 1


profiling/ucalls.stp - Profile method invocations in Java, Perl, Php, Python, Ruby, and Tcl scripts
keywords: profiling syscall

  The ucalls.stp script is modeled after the BCC ucalls script
  (https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/tools/lib/ucalls.py) by
  Sasha Goldshtein. The ucalls.stp script monitors the process
  indicated by the -x or -c option.  When the scripts exits it prints
  out information about the number of times that each method is invoked
  for code written in Java, Perl, Php, Python, Ruby, and Tcl.  Include
  the word &quot;syscalls&quot; on the command line to count syscalls invoked by
  the process.	If you want latency information, include &quot;latency&quot; on
  the command line. Note that the latency option does not work for
  recursive functions

  # stap ucalls.stp syscalls latency -c &quot;python -c 'print(\&quot;hello world\&quot;)' \
  || true&quot;


= PROMETHEUS =

general/also_ran.stp - Keep a tally of executables run on the system
keywords: prometheus

  The also_ran.stp script tallies each time a executable is started or
  a shared library is loaded for execution.  This information can be
  useful to determine what software is actually being used on the
  system.  The script makes the information available via procfs in
  Prometheus readable format.

  # stap also_ran.stp -T 1


general/cpu_throttle.stp - Monitor Intel processors for throttling due to power or thermal limits
keywords: prometheus limits

  Intel processors have hardware mechanisms that will reduce the
  effective processors speed to avoid exceeding set thermal or power
  constraints. The cpu_throttle.stp script monitors when CPU throttling
  occurs and accumulates the amount of time in milliseconds that each
  processor is throttled.  The script makes the information available
  via procfs in Prometheus readable format.

  # stap cpu_throttle.stp -T 1


profiling/syscallerrorsbypid.stp - Provide a per-process syscall error tally on the system
keywords: prometheus process syscall tracepoint

  The syscallerrorsbypid.stp script tallies syscall errors for each
  running process.  This information can be useful to whether there are
  excessive errors for various processes on the system.  The script
  makes the information available via procfs in Prometheus readable
  format.  When a process exits its data will be eliminated from the
  prometheus output.  To avoid exceeding the storage limitations of
  SystemTap older entries maybe overwritten by newer entries.  This can
  lead to some active process syscall error counts disappearing and/or
  later reappearing with a lower value.  Also note that the script does
  not properly name syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit
  machines.

  # stap syscallerrorsbypid.stp -T 1


profiling/syscalllatency.stp - Provide a per-process accumulation of syscall latency on the system
keywords: prometheus process syscall tracepoint

  The syscalllatency.stp script accumulates syscall latency for each
  running process.  This information can be useful to whether excessive
  time is being spent in particular syscalls on the system.  The script
  makes the information available via procfs in Prometheus readable
  format.  When a process exits its data will be eliminated from the
  prometheus output.  To avoid exceeding the storage limitations of
  SystemTap older entries maybe overwritten by newer entries.  This can
  lead to some active process syscall error counts disappearing and/or
  later reappearing with a lower value.  Also note that the script does
  not properly name syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit
  machines.

  # stap syscalllatency.stp -T 1


profiling/syscallsbypid.stp - Provide a per-process syscall tally on the system
keywords: prometheus process syscall tracepoint

  The syscallsbypid.stp script tallies each syscall for each running
  process.  This information can be useful to determine the activity of
  various processes on the system.  The script makes the information
  available via procfs in Prometheus readable format.  When a process
  exits its data will be eliminated from the prometheus output.  To
  avoid exceeding the storage limitations of SystemTap older entries
  maybe overwritten by newer entries.  This can lead to some active
  process syscall counts disappearing and/or later reappearing with a
  lower value.	Also note that the script does not properly name
  syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit machines.

  # stap syscallsbypid.stp -T 1


profiling/syscallsrw.stp - Provide a tally of read and write syscalls run on the system 
keywords: prometheus syscall bpf

  The syscallsrw.stp script tallies the read and write syscalls. This
  is a demo script for stapbpf prometheus-exporter scripts.


= QEMU =

virtualization/qemu_count.stp - Tally the Number of User-Space QEMU Events
keywords: virtualization qemu kvm

  The qemu_count.stp script tallies the number of times each of the
  user-space qemu probepoints is encountered. When the script exits, it
  prints a list of the number of times each user-space qemu probepoint
  is encountered.

  # stap qemu_count.stp -T 1


virtualization/qemu_io.stp - Tally the Number of User-Space QEMU IO on Each IO Port
keywords: virtualization qemu kvm io

  The qemu_io.stp script tallies the number of times each of the IO
  port on the guest virtual machines is touched by a input or output
  operation. When the script exits, it prints a count of the number of
  times each IO port read and written.

  # stap qemu_io.stp -T 1


= REGEX =

general/regex.stp - Report opened files whose names match a given regex
keywords: regex

  Uses the regex functionality to detect opened files whose names match
  a pattern given on the command line. If no command line parameter is
  given, demonstrate by filtering for files that end with an extension
  showing them to be an archive.

  # stap regex.stp -T 1


= RETRANSMISSION =

network/tcp_retransmission.stp - print tcp retransmission packet
keywords: tcp retransmission

  The tcp_retransmission.stp prints out a line for each tcp
  retransmission packet

  # stap tcp_retransmission.stp -T 1


= SCHEDULER =

process/chng_cpu.stp - Monitor Changes in Processor Executing a Task
keywords: scheduler

  The chng_cpu.stp script takes an argument which is the executable
  name of the task it should monitor. Each time a task with that
  executable name is found running on a different processor, the script
  prints out the thread id (tid), the executable name, the processor
  now running the task, the thread state, and a backtrace showing the
  kernel functions that triggered the running of the task on the
  processor.

  # stap chng_cpu.stp -T 1 bash


process/cycle_thief.stp - Track IRQ's and Other Processes Stealing Cycles from a Task
keywords: _best process scheduler time tracepoint interrupt

  The cycle_thief.stp script instruments the scheduler and IRQ handler
  to determine which processes and interrupts are competing with the
  specified task for the cpu cycles. This script uses the '-c' or '-x'
  options to focus on a specific task. The script output the number of
  times the task migrates between processors, histograms showing the
  length of time on and off processor, lists of processes running while
  the task is off the processor, and the interrupts that occurred while
  the task was running.

  # stap cycle_thief.stp -T 1


process/forktracker.stp - Trace Creation of Processes
keywords: process scheduler

  The forktracker.stp script prints out a time-stamped entry showing
  each fork and exec operation on the machine. This can be useful to
  determine what process is creating a flurry of short-lived processes.

  # stap forktracker.stp -T 1


process/migrate.stp - Track the Migration of Specific Executables
keywords: scheduler

  The migrate.stp script takes an argument which is the executable name
  of the task it should monitor. Each time a task with that executable
  name migrates between processors an entry is printed with the process
  id (pid), the executable name, the processor off loading the task,
  and the process taking the task. Note that the task may or may not be
  executing at the time of the migration.

  # stap migrate.stp -T 1 bash


process/proctop.stp - Periodically Print Process Information With History
keywords: process scheduler _best

  Every 5 seconds, print out a list of 25 processes that took the most
  system time with information about the processes. Includes
  information on processes that may have exited while the script was
  running. The script contains configuration options listed in the
  script source.

  # stap proctop.stp -T 1


process/sched-latency.stp - track wakeup-to-dispatch latency stats
keywords: process scheduler time tracepoint

  This script periodically reports a histogram of the latency between a
  task (thread) being woken up and it actually being dispatched to a
  CPU: the amount of time it's spent in the runnable queue.

  # stap sched-latency.stp -T 7


process/schedtimes.stp - Track Time Processes Spend in Various States Using Tracepoints
keywords: process scheduler time tracepoint

  The schedtimes.stp script instruments the scheduler to track the
  amount of time that each process spends in running, sleeping,
  queuing, and waiting for io. On exit the script prints out the
  accumulated time for each state of processes observed.  Optionally,
  this script can be used with the '-c' or '-x' options to focus on a
  specific PID and its children.

  # stap schedtimes.stp -T 1


process/sleepingBeauties.stp - Generate Backtraces of Threads Waiting for IO Operations
keywords: io scheduler backtrace

  The script monitors the time that threads spend in waiting for IO
  operations (in &quot;D&quot; state) in the wait_for_completion function.  If a
  thread spends over 10ms, its name and backtrace is printed, and later
  so is the total delay.

  # stap sleepingBeauties.stp -T 1


process/spawn_seeker.stp - Track Creation of Processes by process and execname
keywords: process scheduler

  The spawn_seeker.stp script every minute (and on exit) prints out the
  local time and sorted lists of which processes and executables
  spawned tasks during the previous minute. This can be useful to
  determine what process is creating a flurry of short-lived processes.
   When a process exits its count of tasks created is added to its
  parent's count to better account for the indirect task creation by
  children processes.  For more detailed examination of task creation
  consider using forktracker.stp.

  # stap spawn_seeker.stp -T 1


= SCSI =

io/iostat-scsi.stp - IO Statistics for SCSI Devices
keywords: io profiling scsi

  The iostat-scsi.stp script provides a breakdown of the number of blks
  read and written on the machine's various SCSI devices. The script
  takes one argument which is the number of seconds between reports.

  # stap -g iostat-scsi.stp 1 -T 1


= SECURITY =

process/auditbt.stp - Generate backtraces for kernel audit events
keywords: monitoring security backtrace

  Attaches to the kernel audit-log paths (also used by libaudit), and
  log every record being sent, along with a user-space backtrace of the
  process that caused it.

  # stap auditbt.stp -d /usr/bin/sudo --ldd -c &quot;sudo true&quot;


process/noptrace.stp - Disable ptrace from Hierarchies of Processes
keywords: process security guru

  Blocks ptrace(2) attempts from processes identified by stap -c/-x, as
  also specifiable from /proc/systemtap/stap_XXX/ control files. 
  Processes may be added or removed from the blocked list.

  # stap -g noptrace.stp -c 'strace ls || true'


security-band-aids/cve-2008-0600.stp - cve-2008-0600 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2011-4127.stp - cve-2011-4127 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2012-0056.stp - cve-2012-0056 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2013-2094.stp - cve-2013-2094 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2014-7169.stp - cve-2014-7169 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2015-0235.stp - cve-2015-0235 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2015-3456.stp - cve-2015-3456 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2015-7547.stp - cve-2015-7547 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2016-0728.stp - cve-2016-0728 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2016-5195.stp - cve-2016-5195 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2017-6074.stp - cve-2017-6074 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2018-1000001.stp - cve-2018-1000001 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2018-14634.stp - cve-2018-14634 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


security-band-aids/cve-2018-6485.stp - cve-2018-6485 security band-aid
keywords: security guru

  historical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education only


= SIGNALS =

process/psig.stp - Print Process File Descriptors
keywords: process signals

  Run psig.stp to produce a human-readable summary of the signal
  handling configuration of a given process.  Specify the process-id as
  -x PID for fastest performance.

  # stap -DMAXACTION=10000 -g psig.stp -x $$


process/sig_by_pid.stp -  Signal Counts by Process ID
keywords: signals

  Print signal counts by process ID in descending order.

  # stap sig_by_pid.stp -T 1


process/sig_by_proc.stp -  Signal Counts by Process Name
keywords: signals

  Print signal counts by process name in descending order.

  # stap sig_by_proc.stp -T 1


process/sigkill.stp - Track SIGKILL Signals
keywords: signals

  The script traces any SIGKILL signals. When that SIGKILL signal is
  sent to a process, the script prints out the signal name, the
  destination executable and process ID, the executable name and user
  ID that sents the signal.

  # stap sigkill.stp -T 1


process/sigmon.stp - Track a Particular Signal to a Specific Process
keywords: signals

  The script watches for a particular signal sent to a specific
  process. When that signal is sent to the specified process, the
  script prints out the PID and executable of the process sending the
  signal, the PID and executable name of the process receiving the
  signal, and the signal number and name.

  # stap sigmon.stp -T 1 SIGKILL


= SIMPLE =

general/callgraph.stp - Callgraph Tracing
keywords: simple trace callgraph

  Print a timed per-thread microsecond-timed nested callgraph.	The
  first parameter names the function probe points to trace.

  # stap callgraph.stp 'kernel.function(&quot;*@fs/proc*.c&quot;)' -c &quot;cat \
  /proc/sys/vm/* || true&quot;


general/floatingpoint.stp - SystemTap &quot;Floating Point&quot; Program
keywords: simple floatingpoint

  A basic &quot;Floating Point&quot; program implemented in SystemTap script. It
  extracts floating point from benchmark-sdt section in main.cxx and
  takes one pseudo floating point, printing out results of various
  simple floating point operations.

  # stap floatingpoint.stp -c &quot;stap --benchmark-sdt&quot;


general/helloworld.stp - SystemTap &quot;Hello World&quot; Program
keywords: _best simple bpf

  A basic &quot;Hello World&quot; program implemented in SystemTap script. It
  prints out &quot;hello world&quot; message and then immediately exits.

  # stap helloworld.stp


general/key.stp - make keyboard noises
keywords: simple

  For fans of Leroy Anderson and Typewriters only, this script arranges
  to play a click or a zing for various keystrokes.

  # stap key.stp -c 'sleep 5'


general/keyhack.stp - Hack the keyboard
keywords: simple guru

  This script makes it appear that one's keyboard is broken, by
  changing keycodes at the kernel device driver level.	Annoy your
  friends!

  # stap -g keyhack.stp -c 'sleep 5'


general/py2example.stp - SystemTap python 2 support tapset
keywords: simple

  A python support tapset that displays backtraces and variable values 

  # stap -I tapset -c '/usr/bin/python2 pyexample.py 35' py2example.stp


general/py3example.stp - SystemTap python 3 support tapset
keywords: simple

  A python support tapset that displays backtraces and variable values

  # stap -g --suppress-time-limits -I tapset -c '/usr/bin/python3 \
  pyexample.py 35' py3example.stp


io/eatmydata.stp - disable fsync
keywords: io guru simple

  Suppresses fsync() syscalls from processes identified by stap -c/-x
  by turning them into presumed-faster fsync() on some dummy or other
  file descriptor

  # stap -g eatmydata.stp -c 'strace ls || true'


io/mbrwatch.stp - Monitor Read/Write of the Boot Sector Area of Block Devices
keywords: io monitoring disk simple

   The mbrwatch.stp script reports any attempted reads/writes of the
  first few sectors of a raw block device.

  # stap mbrwatch.stp -c &quot;dd of=/dev/null count=1 if=/dev/`grep -v major \
  /proc/partitions | grep . | grep -v 'sr[0-9]' | awk '{print $4}' | \
  head -1`&quot;


io/slowvfs.stp - Trace slow vfs opens.
keywords: io simple

  This script prints a line for every kernel vfs_open operation that
  takes longer than a configurable number of microseconds.  Highly
  contended or remote filesystems are likelier to hit this.

  # stap slowvfs.stp -G sloth=10 -c 'find /proc &gt;/dev/null || true'


network/who_sent_it.stp - Trace threads sending network traffic to given host and/or port
keywords: network trace traffic simple

  This script traces outgoing network packets using the netfilter
  probes (not requiring debuginfo), printing the source thread name/id
  and destination host:port.  It may be filtered with the_dport and
  the_daddr globals, e.g., to watch only for DNS traffic (port 53),
  and/or only to the localhost (127.0.0.1).

  # stap who_sent_it.stp -G the_dport=53 -c &quot;ping -c 1 sourceware.org || \
  true&quot;


= SOCKET =

general/socket-events.stp - Trace Socket Activity of a Process
keywords: socket syscall

  Prints the life cycle of all sockets associated with a process. This
  includes bytes and timing. The timing information that is tracked
  includes event completion relative to the start of said event and the
  end of the previous event. Currently tracks read, write, recv, send,
  connect and close.

  # stap socket-events.stp


lwtools/accept2close-nd.stp - Show socket lifespan, from accept() to close() (non-debuginfo)
keywords: network socket

  This traces socket duration from the accept() syscall to close(), and
  provides details on the lifespan of these passive connections,
  showing the distribution as a histogram.

  # stap accept2close-nd.stp -T 1


network/connect_stat.stp - Show Process Ancestry for IP Connections
keywords: network socket process

  The connect_stat.stp script prints a task's entire ancestry (parent
  process name/uid/gid) whenever it attempts an outgoing socket
  connection to a given IP address.

  # stap connect_stat.stp 127.0.0.1 -T 1


network/dropwatch.stp - Watch Where Socket Buffers Are Freed in the Kernel
keywords: network tracepoint socket

  Every five seconds the dropwatch.stp script lists the number of
  socket buffers freed at locations in the kernel.

  # stap dropwatch.stp -T 1


network/socket-trace.stp - Trace Functions Called in Network Socket Code
keywords: network socket

  The script instruments each of the functions in the Linux kernel's
  net/socket.c file. The script prints out trace data. The first
  element of a line is time delta in microseconds from the previous
  entry. This is followed by the command name and the PID. The &quot;-&gt;&quot; and
  &quot;&lt;-&quot; indicates function entry and function exit, respectively. The
  last element of the line is the function name.

  # stap socket-trace.stp -T 1


network/socktop - Periodically Summarize Socket Activity on the System
keywords: network socket

  The socktop script periodically prints out a list of the processes
  with the highest socket activity.  Command line options for the
  script allow filtering to focus on particular types of sockets. The
  &quot;-h&quot; option lists socktop script's filtering options.

  # ./socktop -c 1


network/tcp_connections.stp - Track Creation of Incoming TCP Connections
keywords: network tcp socket

  The tcp_connections.stp script prints information for each new
  incoming TCP connection accepted by the computer. The information
  includes the UID, the command accepting the connection, the PID of
  the command, the port the connection is on, and the IP address of the
  originator of the request.

  # stap tcp_connections.stp -T 1


network/tcp_init_cwnd.stp - Increase Initial TCP Congestion Window to 10
keywords: network tcp socket guru

  Run the tcp_init_cwnd.stp script in the background to override a
  kernel's default tcp cwnd value to 10, which has been found to
  improve latency for web server type workloads.  The script prints a
  count of cwnd value changes when it is stopped.

  # stap -g tcp_init_cwnd.stp -T 1


= SPECULATION =

general/whythefail.stp - Why did the function fail?
keywords: speculation monitoring function trace _best

  The whythefail.stp script prints a statement-execution trace for a
  given function, but only for those runs of the function that ended up
  with a (configurable) post-return condition.

  # stap whythefail.stp kernel do_sys_open '$return &lt; 0' -c 'cat \
  /root/no-such-file || true'


= STAPGAMES =

stapgames/2048.stp - 2048
keywords: _best stapgames

  The modern classic 2048 sliding-tiles game, using local keyboard and
  ansi animation.

  # stap -p4 2048.stp


stapgames/block.stp - block breaker game
keywords: stapgames

  A block game where you progressively break the ceiling blocks until
  clearing the level

  # stap -p4 -Itapset/ block.stp


stapgames/eater.stp - eater game
keywords: stapgames

  walk through a maze, eat stuff

  # stap -p4 -Itapset/ eater.stp


stapgames/lifegame.stp - life game
keywords: stapgames

  watch as your creation morphes into different forms

  # stap -p4 -Itapset/ lifegame.stp


stapgames/pingpong.stp - pingpong game
keywords: stapgames

  A simulated ball bounces around the terminal reflecting at the edges

  # stap -p4 -Itapset/ pingpong.stp


= STATISTICS =

general/alias_suffixes.stp - Count I/O Syscalls using Alias Suffixes
keywords: io statistics

  alias_suffixes.stp is a demonstration of how alias suffixes in the
  systemtap language might be used. The script tracks the wall clock
  time for each invocation of the system calls open, close, read, and
  write. When the script exists it prints out the minimum, average, and
  maximum times in microseconds for each system call, followed by a
  count of times that each syscall was invoked and a histogram showing
  the distributions of times.

  # stap alias_suffixes.stp -T 1


general/eventcount.stp - Interactive Count Specified Events
keywords: interactive statistics thread process

  The script periodically prints a count of specified events and their
  related tid's over the course of execution. Numerous configuration
  options exist to control filtering / reporting, some of which can be
  modified at runtime. See the script source for more information.

  # stap eventcount.stp 'syscall_any' -c 'sleep 3'


general/func_time_stats.stp - Function Time Statistics
keywords: function statistics

  The func_time_stats.stp script tracks the wall clock time for each
  invocation of the function probe listed as the first command line
  argument. When the script exits it prints out the minimum, average,
  and maximum times in microseconds followed by a count of times that
  the function was called and a histogram showing the distributions of
  times.

  # stap func_time_stats.stp 'syscall.read' -T 1


general/sizeof.stp - Print the Size of a C Type
keywords: statistics memory bpf

  This script prints the size of a type, based on dwarf debuginfo for
  any kernel or userspace module, or trial-compilation of a given
  header file name.

  # stap sizeof.stp FILE '&lt;/usr/include/stdio.h&gt;'


general/sizeof_interactive.stp - Interactive Print the Size of a C Type
keywords: statistics memory interactive

  This script prints the size of a type, based on dwarf debuginfo for
  any kernel or userspace module, or trial-compilation of a given
  header file name. Types and corresponding locations are provided to
  the script at runtime via keyboard input. The format of the input is
  identical to that of sizeof.stp (see script source for more
  information). Types and locations can be repeatedly given until the
  process is terminated. 

  # echo &quot;FILE '&lt;/usr/include/stdio.h&gt;'&quot; | stap sizeof_interactive.stp -T 1


memory/vm.tracepoints.stp - Collect Slab Allocation Statistics
keywords: memory statistics

  The script will probe all memory slab/slub allocations and collects
  information about the size of the object (bytes requested) and
  user-space process in execution. When run over a period of time, it
  helps to correlate kernel-space memory consumption owing to
  user-space processes.

  # stap vm.tracepoints.stp -T 10


network/net_xmit_json.stp - Tracks time between packet queue and transmit.
keywords: network statistics json

  This script tracks time between packet queue and transmit. The
  information is provided to userspace via procfs in JSON format.

  # stap net_xmit_json.stp -T 1


network/nfsd-recent.stp - Keep track of NFS server statistics
keywords: nfs statistics

  This script tracks all nfsd server operations by client_ip address,
  and periodically lists those clients that have made recent requests. 
  It's a way of finding out which nfs clients might be considered still
  connected.

  # stap nfsd-recent.stp -T 1


network/nfsdtop.stp - Keep track of NFS server statistics
keywords: nfs statistics

  The nfsdtop.stp script gathers and displays NFS lookups,

  # stap nfsdtop.stp -T 1


network/tcpipstat.stp - Display Network Statistics for Individual TCP Sockets
keywords: network statistics

  The tcpipstat script collects and displays network statistics related
  to individual TCP sockets or groups of sockets.  The statistics that
  are collected are simular to that of the command netstat -s, only
  sorted and grouped by individual sockets.

  # stap tcpipstat.stp timeout=1


= SYSCALL =

general/socket-events.stp - Trace Socket Activity of a Process
keywords: socket syscall

  Prints the life cycle of all sockets associated with a process. This
  includes bytes and timing. The timing information that is tracked
  includes event completion relative to the start of said event and the
  end of the previous event. Currently tracks read, write, recv, send,
  connect and close.

  # stap socket-events.stp


io/iotime.stp - Trace Time Spent in Read and Write for Files 
keywords: profiling syscall io file

  The script watches each open, close, read, and write syscalls on the
  system. For each file the scripts observes opened it accumulates the
  amount of wall clock time spent in read and write operations and the
  number of bytes read and written. When a file is closed the script
  prints out a pair of lines for the file. Both lines begin with a
  timestamp in microseconds, the PID number, and the executable name in
  parentheses. The first line with the &quot;access&quot; keyword lists the file
  name, the attempted number of bytes for the read and write
  operations. The second line with the &quot;iotime&quot; keyword list the file
  name and the number of microseconds accumulated in the read and write
  syscalls.

  # stap iotime.stp -T 1


process/errsnoop.stp - Tabulate System Call Errors
keywords: process syscall

  Prints a periodic tabular report about failing system calls, by
  process and by syscall failure.  The first optional argument
  specifies the reporting interval (in seconds, default 5); the second
  optional argument gives a screen height (number of lines in the
  report, default 20).

  # stap errsnoop.stp 1 10 -T 1


process/futexes.stp - System-Wide Futex Contention
keywords: syscall locking futex

  The script watches the futex syscall on the system. On exit the
  futex's address, the number of contentions, and the average time for
  each contention on the futex are printed from lowest pid number to
  highest.

  # stap futexes.stp -T 1


process/futexes2.stp - System-Wide Shared Futex Contention
keywords: syscall locking futex

  The script watches just shared futex syscalls on the system. On exit
  the futex's key, the number of contentions, and the average time for
  each contention on the futex are printed from lowest pid number to
  highest.

  # stap futexes2.stp -T 1


process/procmod_watcher.stp - Monitor process creation/termination and module [un]loading
keywords: process monitoring syscall tracepoint

  The procmod_watcher.stp script monitors calls to fork(), exec(),
  exit(), init_module(), and delete_module(). Event-specific details
  are also printed out (e.g. for exec(), the file being exec'ed). This
  script does not require debuginfo.

  # stap procmod_watcher.stp -T 1


process/sleeptime.stp - Trace Time Spent in Nanosleep Syscalls
keywords: syscall nanosleep

  The script watches each nanosleep syscall on the system. At the end
  of each nanosleep syscall the script prints out a line with a
  timestamp in microseconds, the pid, the executable name in
  parentheses, the &quot;nanosleep:&quot; key, and the duration of the sleep in
  microseconds.

  # stap sleeptime.stp -T 1


process/strace.stp - Trace system calls
keywords: _best process syscall

  The script loosely emulates strace, when applied to individual
  processes or hierarchies (via -c/-x), or the entire system (without
  -c/-x).  A few output configuration parameters may be set with -G.

  # stap strace.stp -c &quot;cat /proc/sys/vm/* || true&quot;


process/syscalls_by_pid.stp - System-Wide Count of Syscalls by PID
keywords: syscall

  The script watches all syscall on the system. On exit the script
  prints a list showing the number of systemcalls executed by each PID
  ordered from greatest to least number of syscalls.

  # stap syscalls_by_pid.stp -T 1


process/syscalls_by_proc.stp - System-Wide Count of Syscalls by Executable
keywords: syscall

  The script watches all syscall on the system. On exit the script
  prints a list showing the number of systemcalls executed by each
  executable ordered from greatest to least number of syscalls.

  # stap syscalls_by_proc.stp -T 1


process/syscalltimes - System-Wide Syscall Statistics with Filtering
keywords: syscall

  Combination shell/systemtap script to measure system call counts and
  times.  Can be filtered by process IDs, process names and users.

  # ./syscalltimes -c 'sleep 1'


process/thread-business.stp - monitor syscall history
keywords: _best process syscall

  Prints a periodic tabular report about the counts of syscall activity
  of all threads on the system, along with a textual
  recent-syscall-history for each

  # stap thread-business.stp -T 10


process/wait4time.stp - Trace Time Spent in wait4 Syscalls
keywords: syscall process

  The script watches each wait4 syscall on the system. At the end of
  each wait4 syscall the script prints out a line with a timestamp in
  microseconds, the pid, the executable name in parentheses, the
  &quot;wait4:&quot; key, the duration of the wait and the PID that the wait4 was
  waiting for. If the waited for PID is not specified , it is &quot;-1&quot;.

  # stap wait4time.stp -T 1


profiling/container_check.stp - Monitor capabilities and syscalls used by a process and it children
keywords: profiling container syscall

  The container_check.stp script monitors the use of linux capablities
  and optionally forbidden syscalls by a process and its children.  On
  exit the script prints out lists showing the capabilies used by each
  executable, which syscall used specific capabilites for each
  executable, a list of forbidden syscalls used, and details on any
  syscalls that failed during monitoring.  This script is designed to
  help diagnose issues caused by restricted capabilies and syscalls
  when running an application in a container.  If the script warns
  about skipped probes, the number of active kretprobes may need to be
  increased with &quot;-DKRETACTIVE=100&quot; option on the command line

  # stap container_check.stp -c &quot;ping -c 1 sourceware.org || true&quot;


profiling/syscallerrorsbypid.stp - Provide a per-process syscall error tally on the system
keywords: prometheus process syscall tracepoint

  The syscallerrorsbypid.stp script tallies syscall errors for each
  running process.  This information can be useful to whether there are
  excessive errors for various processes on the system.  The script
  makes the information available via procfs in Prometheus readable
  format.  When a process exits its data will be eliminated from the
  prometheus output.  To avoid exceeding the storage limitations of
  SystemTap older entries maybe overwritten by newer entries.  This can
  lead to some active process syscall error counts disappearing and/or
  later reappearing with a lower value.  Also note that the script does
  not properly name syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit
  machines.

  # stap syscallerrorsbypid.stp -T 1


profiling/syscalllatency.stp - Provide a per-process accumulation of syscall latency on the system
keywords: prometheus process syscall tracepoint

  The syscalllatency.stp script accumulates syscall latency for each
  running process.  This information can be useful to whether excessive
  time is being spent in particular syscalls on the system.  The script
  makes the information available via procfs in Prometheus readable
  format.  When a process exits its data will be eliminated from the
  prometheus output.  To avoid exceeding the storage limitations of
  SystemTap older entries maybe overwritten by newer entries.  This can
  lead to some active process syscall error counts disappearing and/or
  later reappearing with a lower value.  Also note that the script does
  not properly name syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit
  machines.

  # stap syscalllatency.stp -T 1


profiling/syscallsbypid.stp - Provide a per-process syscall tally on the system
keywords: prometheus process syscall tracepoint

  The syscallsbypid.stp script tallies each syscall for each running
  process.  This information can be useful to determine the activity of
  various processes on the system.  The script makes the information
  available via procfs in Prometheus readable format.  When a process
  exits its data will be eliminated from the prometheus output.  To
  avoid exceeding the storage limitations of SystemTap older entries
  maybe overwritten by newer entries.  This can lead to some active
  process syscall counts disappearing and/or later reappearing with a
  lower value.	Also note that the script does not properly name
  syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit machines.

  # stap syscallsbypid.stp -T 1


profiling/syscallsrw.stp - Provide a tally of read and write syscalls run on the system 
keywords: prometheus syscall bpf

  The syscallsrw.stp script tallies the read and write syscalls. This
  is a demo script for stapbpf prometheus-exporter scripts.


profiling/ucalls.stp - Profile method invocations in Java, Perl, Php, Python, Ruby, and Tcl scripts
keywords: profiling syscall

  The ucalls.stp script is modeled after the BCC ucalls script
  (https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/tools/lib/ucalls.py) by
  Sasha Goldshtein. The ucalls.stp script monitors the process
  indicated by the -x or -c option.  When the scripts exits it prints
  out information about the number of times that each method is invoked
  for code written in Java, Perl, Php, Python, Ruby, and Tcl.  Include
  the word &quot;syscalls&quot; on the command line to count syscalls invoked by
  the process.	If you want latency information, include &quot;latency&quot; on
  the command line. Note that the latency option does not work for
  recursive functions

  # stap ucalls.stp syscalls latency -c &quot;python -c 'print(\&quot;hello world\&quot;)' \
  || true&quot;


= TCP =

network/sk_stream_wait_memory.stp - Track Start and Stop of Processes Due to Network Buffer Space
keywords: network tcp process bpf

  The sk_stream-wait_memory.stp prints a time stamp, executable, and
  pid each time a process blocks due to the send buffer being full. A
  similar entry is printed each time a process continues because there
  is room in the buffer.

  # stap sk_stream_wait_memory.stp -T 1


network/tcp_connections.stp - Track Creation of Incoming TCP Connections
keywords: network tcp socket

  The tcp_connections.stp script prints information for each new
  incoming TCP connection accepted by the computer. The information
  includes the UID, the command accepting the connection, the PID of
  the command, the port the connection is on, and the IP address of the
  originator of the request.

  # stap tcp_connections.stp -T 1


network/tcp_init_cwnd.stp - Increase Initial TCP Congestion Window to 10
keywords: network tcp socket guru

  Run the tcp_init_cwnd.stp script in the background to override a
  kernel's default tcp cwnd value to 10, which has been found to
  improve latency for web server type workloads.  The script prints a
  count of cwnd value changes when it is stopped.

  # stap -g tcp_init_cwnd.stp -T 1


network/tcp_retransmission.stp - print tcp retransmission packet
keywords: tcp retransmission

  The tcp_retransmission.stp prints out a line for each tcp
  retransmission packet

  # stap tcp_retransmission.stp -T 1


= THREAD =

general/eventcount.stp - Interactive Count Specified Events
keywords: interactive statistics thread process

  The script periodically prints a count of specified events and their
  related tid's over the course of execution. Numerous configuration
  options exist to control filtering / reporting, some of which can be
  modified at runtime. See the script source for more information.

  # stap eventcount.stp 'syscall_any' -c 'sleep 3'


process/threadstacks.stp - Override default new-pthread stack sizes
keywords: thread guru

  Overrides default NPTL pthread_create stack size for all new threads
  created by target processes.	Reports one line per process when the
  related glibc variable __default_stacksize is updated.  Moot for
  glibc versions that support $LIBC_PTHREAD_DEFAULT_STACKSIZE_NP.

  # stap -g threadstacks.stp -Gsize=65536 -T 1 -d `which stap`


= TIME =

general/stopwatches.stp - See the amount of wall clock time a process spends in various states
keywords: time

  The stopwatch.stp script illustrates how to use multiple stopwatches
  record how much wallclock time a process spends in kernel- and
  user-space.  On exit the script prints out the time in seconds,
  milliseconds, microseconds, and nanoseconds. Note that this output of
  this script is not directly comparable to the time command because
  time records the time that the process is actually active in kernel-
  and user-space.

  # stap stopwatches.stp -T 1


process/cycle_thief.stp - Track IRQ's and Other Processes Stealing Cycles from a Task
keywords: _best process scheduler time tracepoint interrupt

  The cycle_thief.stp script instruments the scheduler and IRQ handler
  to determine which processes and interrupts are competing with the
  specified task for the cpu cycles. This script uses the '-c' or '-x'
  options to focus on a specific task. The script output the number of
  times the task migrates between processors, histograms showing the
  length of time on and off processor, lists of processes running while
  the task is off the processor, and the interrupts that occurred while
  the task was running.

  # stap cycle_thief.stp -T 1


process/sched-latency.stp - track wakeup-to-dispatch latency stats
keywords: process scheduler time tracepoint

  This script periodically reports a histogram of the latency between a
  task (thread) being woken up and it actually being dispatched to a
  CPU: the amount of time it's spent in the runnable queue.

  # stap sched-latency.stp -T 7


process/schedtimes.stp - Track Time Processes Spend in Various States Using Tracepoints
keywords: process scheduler time tracepoint

  The schedtimes.stp script instruments the scheduler to track the
  amount of time that each process spends in running, sleeping,
  queuing, and waiting for io. On exit the script prints out the
  accumulated time for each state of processes observed.  Optionally,
  this script can be used with the '-c' or '-x' options to focus on a
  specific PID and its children.

  # stap schedtimes.stp -T 1


= TRACE =

apps/gmalloc_watch.stp - Tracing glib2 memory allocations
keywords: trace

  The gmalloc_watch.stp script from Colin Walters' blog
  (https://blog.verbum.org/2011/03/19/analyzing-memory-use-with-systemt
  ap/) traces the allocation of glib2 memory using the markers in
  glib2.

  # stap gmalloc_watch.stp -T 1


apps/libguestfs_log.stp - Trace libguestfs startup
keywords: application trace bpf

  The libguestfs_log.stp script prints a log of when various
  libgueststartup steps are encountered.   The first column is
  microseconds since the script started.  The second column is the time
  elapsed in microseconds between the previous and current events and
  the third column is the event name.

  # stap libguestfs_log.stp -T 1


apps/php-trace.stp - Tracing of PHP code execution
keywords: trace dyninst

  Trace of executing PHP code using the enabled markers.

  # stap php-trace.stp -c 'php -f hello.php'


apps/stap_time.stp - Provide elapsed times for Passes of SystemTap script compilation
keywords: application trace

  SystemTap has multiple passes to convert the text of a SystemTap
  script into instrumentation that actually collect data on the system.
   The stap_time.stp script uses the markers in SystemTap to note the
  amount of time that each of the passes requires.  When SystemTap
  completes pass 4 (compiling the instrumentation into a kernel module)
  the script print out the script name followed by the amount of time
  in milliseconds required for Pass 0 (command line option parsing),
  Pass 1 (script parsing), Pass 2 (elaboration), Pass 3 (code
  generation), and Pass 4 (module compilation).  The resulting data can
  be analyzed to determine if there are issues with the amount of time
  that systemtap takes to generate instrumentation.

  # stap stap_time.stp -T 1


general/callgraph.stp - Callgraph Tracing
keywords: simple trace callgraph

  Print a timed per-thread microsecond-timed nested callgraph.	The
  first parameter names the function probe points to trace.

  # stap callgraph.stp 'kernel.function(&quot;*@fs/proc*.c&quot;)' -c &quot;cat \
  /proc/sys/vm/* || true&quot;


general/para-callgraph-verbose.stp - Callgraph Tracing with Verbose Arguments
keywords: trace callgraph

  Print a timed per-thread microsecond-timed callgraph, complete with
  pretty-printed function parameters and return values.  The first
  parameter names the function probe points to trace.  The optional
  second parameter names the probe points for trigger functions, which
  acts to enable tracing for only those functions that occur while the
  current thread is nested within the trigger.

  # stap para-callgraph-verbose.stp 'kernel.function(&quot;*@fs/proc*.c&quot;)' \
  'kernel.function(&quot;vfs_read&quot;)' -c &quot;cat /proc/sys/vm/* || true&quot;


general/para-callgraph.stp - Callgraph Tracing with Arguments
keywords: _best trace callgraph

  Print a timed per-thread microsecond-timed callgraph, complete with
  function parameters and return values.  The first parameter names the
  function probe points to trace.  The optional second parameter names
  the probe points for trigger functions, which acts to enable tracing
  for only those functions that occur while the current thread is
  nested within the trigger.

  # stap para-callgraph.stp 'kernel.function(&quot;*@fs/proc*.c&quot;)' \
  'kernel.function(&quot;vfs_read&quot;)' -c &quot;cat /proc/sys/vm/* || true&quot;


general/whythefail.stp - Why did the function fail?
keywords: speculation monitoring function trace _best

  The whythefail.stp script prints a statement-execution trace for a
  given function, but only for those runs of the function that ended up
  with a (configurable) post-return condition.

  # stap whythefail.stp kernel do_sys_open '$return &lt; 0' -c 'cat \
  /root/no-such-file || true'


network/nfsd-trace.stp - Trace NFSD requests with file names.
keywords: nfs trace

  This script traces all nfsd server operations by client_ip address,
  operation, and complete file name (if possible).

  # stap nfsd-trace.stp -T 1


network/tcp_trace.stp - TCP Connection Tracing Utility
keywords: network trace

  This scripts traces a given TCP connection based on the filter
  parameters given by the user. The indexing is done by the 4 tuples
  local address, remote address, local port, remote port.

  # stap tcp_trace.stp 127.0.0.1:*-127.0.0.1:* timeout=1


network/who_sent_it.stp - Trace threads sending network traffic to given host and/or port
keywords: network trace traffic simple

  This script traces outgoing network packets using the netfilter
  probes (not requiring debuginfo), printing the source thread name/id
  and destination host:port.  It may be filtered with the_dport and
  the_daddr globals, e.g., to watch only for DNS traffic (port 53),
  and/or only to the localhost (127.0.0.1).

  # stap who_sent_it.stp -G the_dport=53 -c &quot;ping -c 1 sourceware.org || \
  true&quot;


= TRACEPOINT =

network/dropwatch.stp - Watch Where Socket Buffers Are Freed in the Kernel
keywords: network tracepoint socket

  Every five seconds the dropwatch.stp script lists the number of
  socket buffers freed at locations in the kernel.

  # stap dropwatch.stp -T 1


process/cycle_thief.stp - Track IRQ's and Other Processes Stealing Cycles from a Task
keywords: _best process scheduler time tracepoint interrupt

  The cycle_thief.stp script instruments the scheduler and IRQ handler
  to determine which processes and interrupts are competing with the
  specified task for the cpu cycles. This script uses the '-c' or '-x'
  options to focus on a specific task. The script output the number of
  times the task migrates between processors, histograms showing the
  length of time on and off processor, lists of processes running while
  the task is off the processor, and the interrupts that occurred while
  the task was running.

  # stap cycle_thief.stp -T 1


process/procmod_watcher.stp - Monitor process creation/termination and module [un]loading
keywords: process monitoring syscall tracepoint

  The procmod_watcher.stp script monitors calls to fork(), exec(),
  exit(), init_module(), and delete_module(). Event-specific details
  are also printed out (e.g. for exec(), the file being exec'ed). This
  script does not require debuginfo.

  # stap procmod_watcher.stp -T 1


process/sched-latency.stp - track wakeup-to-dispatch latency stats
keywords: process scheduler time tracepoint

  This script periodically reports a histogram of the latency between a
  task (thread) being woken up and it actually being dispatched to a
  CPU: the amount of time it's spent in the runnable queue.

  # stap sched-latency.stp -T 7


process/schedtimes.stp - Track Time Processes Spend in Various States Using Tracepoints
keywords: process scheduler time tracepoint

  The schedtimes.stp script instruments the scheduler to track the
  amount of time that each process spends in running, sleeping,
  queuing, and waiting for io. On exit the script prints out the
  accumulated time for each state of processes observed.  Optionally,
  this script can be used with the '-c' or '-x' options to focus on a
  specific PID and its children.

  # stap schedtimes.stp -T 1


profiling/syscallerrorsbypid.stp - Provide a per-process syscall error tally on the system
keywords: prometheus process syscall tracepoint

  The syscallerrorsbypid.stp script tallies syscall errors for each
  running process.  This information can be useful to whether there are
  excessive errors for various processes on the system.  The script
  makes the information available via procfs in Prometheus readable
  format.  When a process exits its data will be eliminated from the
  prometheus output.  To avoid exceeding the storage limitations of
  SystemTap older entries maybe overwritten by newer entries.  This can
  lead to some active process syscall error counts disappearing and/or
  later reappearing with a lower value.  Also note that the script does
  not properly name syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit
  machines.

  # stap syscallerrorsbypid.stp -T 1


profiling/syscalllatency.stp - Provide a per-process accumulation of syscall latency on the system
keywords: prometheus process syscall tracepoint

  The syscalllatency.stp script accumulates syscall latency for each
  running process.  This information can be useful to whether excessive
  time is being spent in particular syscalls on the system.  The script
  makes the information available via procfs in Prometheus readable
  format.  When a process exits its data will be eliminated from the
  prometheus output.  To avoid exceeding the storage limitations of
  SystemTap older entries maybe overwritten by newer entries.  This can
  lead to some active process syscall error counts disappearing and/or
  later reappearing with a lower value.  Also note that the script does
  not properly name syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit
  machines.

  # stap syscalllatency.stp -T 1


profiling/syscallsbypid.stp - Provide a per-process syscall tally on the system
keywords: prometheus process syscall tracepoint

  The syscallsbypid.stp script tallies each syscall for each running
  process.  This information can be useful to determine the activity of
  various processes on the system.  The script makes the information
  available via procfs in Prometheus readable format.  When a process
  exits its data will be eliminated from the prometheus output.  To
  avoid exceeding the storage limitations of SystemTap older entries
  maybe overwritten by newer entries.  This can lead to some active
  process syscall counts disappearing and/or later reappearing with a
  lower value.	Also note that the script does not properly name
  syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit machines.

  # stap syscallsbypid.stp -T 1


= TRAFFIC =

network/netdev.stp - Trace Activity on Network Devices
keywords: network traffic

  The netdev.stp script traces configuration and transmit/receive
  activity on network devices.

  # stap netdev.stp -T 1


network/netfilter_summary.stp - System-Wide Count of Network Packets by IPs
keywords: _best network traffic

  The script watches all IPv4 network traffic on the system. On exit
  the script prints a list showing the number of packets sent along
  source IP address / destination IP address pair encountered, and the
  total number of bytes sent among the pair. The list is ordered from
  greatest to least number of packets seen among the source/destination
  pairs.

  # stap netfilter_summary.stp -T 1


network/netfilter_summary_json.stp - System-Wide Count of Network Packets by IPs
keywords: _best network traffic json

  The script watches all IPv4 network traffic on the system. The data
  is output in JSON format and includes the number of packets sent
  along source IP address / destination IP address pair encountered,
  and the total number of bytes sent among the pair.

  # stap netfilter_summary_json.stp -T 1


network/nettop.stp - Periodic Listing of Processes Using Network Interfaces
keywords: network traffic

  Every five seconds the nettop.stp script prints out a list of
  processed (PID and command) with the number of packets sent/received
  and the amount of data sent/received by the process during that
  interval.

  # stap nettop.stp -T 1


network/packet_contents.stp - Network packet contents
keywords: network traffic

  The packet_contents.stp script displays the length of each network
  packet and its contents in both hexadecimal and ASCII. Systemtap
  strings are MAXSTRINGLEN in length by default which may not be enough
  for larger packets. In order to print larger packets, this limit can
  be increased by passing in the &quot;-DMAXSTRINGLEN=65536&quot; command line
  option.

  # stap packet_contents.stp -T 1


network/stp_dump.stp - Dump of STP packets
keywords: network traffic

  The stp_dump.stp prints out the packet contents. Each block contains
  the STP protocol ID, version ID, flags, root and bridge MAC
  addresses, and various times.

  # stap stp_dump.stp -T 5


network/tcpdumplike.stp - Dump of Received UDP/TCP Packets
keywords: network traffic

  The tcpdumplike.stp prints out a line for each TCP &amp; UDP packet
  received. Each line includes the source and destination IP addresses,
  the source and destination ports, and flags.

  # stap tcpdumplike.stp -T 1


network/who_sent_it.stp - Trace threads sending network traffic to given host and/or port
keywords: network trace traffic simple

  This script traces outgoing network packets using the netfilter
  probes (not requiring debuginfo), printing the source thread name/id
  and destination host:port.  It may be filtered with the_dport and
  the_daddr globals, e.g., to watch only for DNS traffic (port 53),
  and/or only to the localhost (127.0.0.1).

  # stap who_sent_it.stp -G the_dport=53 -c &quot;ping -c 1 sourceware.org || \
  true&quot;


= TTY =

io/ttyspy.stp - Monitor TTY Typing
keywords: io tty monitoring guru

  The ttyspy.stp script uses tty_audit hooks to monitor recent typing
  activity on the system, printing a scrolling record of recent
  keystrokes, on a per-tty basis.

  # stap --skip-badvars -g ttyspy.stp -T 1


= VIRTUALIZATION =

virtualization/kvm_service_time.stp - Time Statistics on KVM Exit Reasons
keywords: _best virtualization kvm

  The kvm_service_time.stp script tracks the statistics about the
  amount of time that the processor left the guest virtual machine for
  each exit reason (for example fixing up a page table or handling an
  IO operation).  When the script exits it prints out the number of
  times each exit reason was encountered, the total duration of time it
  left the guest VM, the minimum time, the average time, and the
  maximum time in microseconds for that exit reason. On Linux 2.6.38
  and newer kernel the script can automatically determine whether it is
  running on Intel or AMD processors. For older kernels with a
  kernel.trace(&quot;kvm_exit&quot;) tracepoint that does not have the $isa
  parameter you can explicitly state the kvm type with a &quot;-G kvm=intel&quot;
  or &quot;-G kvm=amd&quot; on the command line.

  # stap kvm_service_time.stp -T 1


virtualization/qemu_count.stp - Tally the Number of User-Space QEMU Events
keywords: virtualization qemu kvm

  The qemu_count.stp script tallies the number of times each of the
  user-space qemu probepoints is encountered. When the script exits, it
  prints a list of the number of times each user-space qemu probepoint
  is encountered.

  # stap qemu_count.stp -T 1


virtualization/qemu_io.stp - Tally the Number of User-Space QEMU IO on Each IO Port
keywords: virtualization qemu kvm io

  The qemu_io.stp script tallies the number of times each of the IO
  port on the guest virtual machines is touched by a input or output
  operation. When the script exits, it prints a count of the number of
  times each IO port read and written.

  # stap qemu_io.stp -T 1


= WATCHDOG =

general/watchdog.stp - Watchdog Timer for Arbitrary Events
keywords: watchdog backtrace

  The watchdog.stp script provides a watchdog timer mechanism for
  arbitrary events. The script takes three arguments: the events to
  start watchdog timer, the event to stop the watchdog timer, and the
  time in millseconds for the watchdog. If the watchdog timer is
  exceed, the script will trigger a stack backtrace of the user-process
  that timed out using pstack. This script can be used to diagnose what
  the userspace application is doing when a slower than expected
  operation occurs.

  # stap watchdog.stp 'syscall.nanosleep' 'syscall.nanosleep.return' 1000 \
  -T 1


= WATCHPOINT =

memory/hw_watch_addr.stp - Watch a Kernel Address Using Breakpoint Hardware
keywords: memory watchpoint

  The script will watch accesses to a single kernel address and prints
  a traceback each time the address is accessed. This script needs to
  be run as root to allow access to the breakpoint hardware.

  # stap --all-modules hw_watch_addr.stp 0x`grep &quot;vm_dirty_ratio&quot; \
  /proc/kallsyms | awk '{print $1}'` -T 5


memory/hw_watch_sym.stp - Watch a Kernel Symbol Using Breakpoint Hardware
keywords: memory watchpoint

  The script will watch accesses to the starting address of a single
  kernel symbol and prints a traceback each time the symbol is
  accessed. This script needs to be run as root to allow access to the
  breakpoint hardware.

  # stap --all-modules hw_watch_sym.stp vm_dirty_ratio -T 5


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